Introduction:During orthodontic treatment, patients are expected to undergo consistent periodic prophylaxis as a result of complexities in oral hygiene. The aim of this study was to investigate, analyze, and compare the effectiveness of two professional prophylaxis systems of rubber cup polishing (RCP) and air-powder polishing (APP) in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment based on different levels of plaque and pigment on teeth and the extent of attachment of brackets after prophylaxis.Materials and Methods:A total of 50 patients were selected for this clinical trial study. A couple of months after the orthodontic treatment, the patients were placed on professional prophylaxis in terms of the plaque index. Randomized cross-arch prophylaxis (right maxilla with left mandible), RCP (left maxilla with right mandible), and APP were carried out on the patients. The main indexes in the study (number of plaque removal and debonding), the work time duration per second, and convenience of patients using visual analog scale in each of the methods were evaluated as minor factors. Data were recorded in a special checklist.Results:The mean of the plaque index and the time spent on RCP were observed to be higher than APP. The average satisfaction rate of patients with RCP was higher than APP. The debonding of the bracket and the tooth was not observed in any of the methods.Conclusion:APP is more efficient than RCP for performing professional prophylaxis of orthodontic patients.
Background: Hydatidosis is a cosmopolitan zoonotic infection and Hamadan Province in the west of Iran is one of the most important foci of human hydatidosis in Iran. The aim of the current study was the genetic characterization of hydatid cysts operated from humans in Hamadan Province.
atid cysts operated from humans in Hamadan Province. Methods: Seventy-two hydatid cysts samples including 50 paraffinized and 22 fresh human hydatid cysts collected from different hospitals in Hamadan Province, western Iran. The cysts' DNA genome was extracted by kit and PCR was performed for amplifying the fragments of 400 and 450bp for nad1 and cox1 mitochondrial genes, respectively. Genotype diversity and sequence variations of the cysts' isolates were studied by related software.
Results: DNA from all (100%) paraffinized and fresh hydatid cysts samples extracted successfully. All paraffinized and fresh hydatid cysts samples were amplified by PCR assay using nad1gene, however, only 18 and 8 samples from paraffinized and fresh hydatid cyst samples was amplified using cox1 gene, respectively. The sequences analysis indicated that, 98.61% the Echinococcus granulosus samples were belong to the genotype G1 and 1.39% were G3 genotype.
Conclusion: Genotypes of E. granulosus in human samples in Hamadan Province are G1 and G3 and these findings are proved by phylogenic analysis.
In this paper, the impact response of bi-directional corrugated core sandwich structures was investigated. The core and skins were made of E-glass/epoxy laminated composites. Additive manufacturing technology was used to print the molds applied to fabricate the cores. The influence of different periods, i.e. T = 30, 37.5, 50 and 75 mm, of the double-cosine corrugated core on the impact response of the panels was evaluated. In addition, some other panels with regular corrugated cores were manufactured to evaluate the impact response of the bi-directional corrugated core structures. A finite element modeling was also carried out to analyze the impact behavior of the samples. The empirical measurements and the numerical predictions showed that the panels with the bi-directional corrugated core have a significant improvement in the absorbed energy under impact loading at each given period. It was also manifested that the panel consisting of the bi-directional corrugated core with T = 37.5 mm has the highest specific energy absorption.
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