The purpose of this study was to analyze the population structure (spatial and temporal distribution, sex ratio, length distribution and length/weight relationship) and reproductive biology of Iheringichthys labrosus. This species is of importance as fisheries resource in the Paraná River basin. Fish were sampled, bimonthly, with gill and trammel nets at three sampling sites

The Piquiri River hydrographic basin includes a drainage area of 31,000 km 2 . Headwaters are located in the São João Mountains, flowing 485 km until the Paraná River. The most important tributaries of the right margin are the rivers Goioerê, Tricolor and Cantú, while in the left margin the rivers Sapucaí and Melissa stand out. Six samplings were done between October 2002 and September 2003, in three sampling sites (Campina, Apertado and Altônia) along the Piquiri River. Fish species were collected using gill nets with simple meshes and trammel nets, in addition to longlines. Considering the entire period, 1,667 individuals were collected, belonging to 62 species distributed among 21 families and 5 orders. A total of 25 species are new registers for this basin, while 6 were still not formally described, indicating that new species will be captured in future surveys.

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