This paper examined the climatic water balance and hydrogeological conditions of the water bearing layers within Lailan basin. To achieve the water balance the meteorological data from Kirkuk station for the period (1970 to 2016) was used to calculate the water surplus and water deficit. Based on Mehta's model the water surplus (Ws) is equal to (127.86 mm/ year) representing 36.87 % of the total rainfall, while 63.13% of the total rainfall are water deficit. The study area is characterized by two main aquifer types, unconfined and semi-confined. Generally, groundwater recharge occurs from both sides of the basin toward the center and the general flow direction is from northeast to southwest. To determine the hydraulic properties of semi-confined aquifer, pumping and recovery tests data from seven wells in the study area were analyzed based on the Hantush-Jacob's (1955) and Theis recovery (1935) 2 /day ) and (0.0068 -6.134E-16 ) respectively . Due to the aquifer lithology heterogeneity the hydraulic properties varied from one location to another, reflecting the change of both porosity and permeability.
The studied area is located within Salahadden Governorate between latitudes 34° 50' 00" – 34° 55' 00" and longitudes 44° 33' 00" – 44° 40' 00" south of Kirkuk city of about 70 Km with an approximate area of about 124 Km2. The important geological formations in the area consist of Tertiary deposits Al-Fatha, Injana, Muqdadiya and Bai-Hassan formations as well as recent Quaternary deposits which cover the study area. Depending on the climatic data recorded in Tuz-Khurmatu station for the period 1991 – 2014, found that the summation of rainfall is 274.21 mm, average of temperature 22.8 °C, relative humidity 46.93%, wind speed 1.83 m/sec, sunshine 8.28 h/day and the total of evaporation is 2376.2 mm. The common climate in the area is humid to moist. The studied area is located within Al-Adhaim basin whose area is about 12000 Km2. The productive hydrogeological unit in the studied area is Bai-Hassan Formation. The general direction of groundwater flow is from northeast towards the southwest. By using Theis recovery 1935 and Cooper-Jacob 1946 methods pumping test results which performed in seven wells that penetrate Bai-Hassan Formation partially without observation wells indicated a transmissivity values range between 95.47 – 335.72 and the median value of 176.11 m2/day and hydraulic conductivity values between 2.11 – 4.47 m/day and the median value of 3.06 m/day. These reflect that the hydraulic properties values of Bai-Hassan aquifer in the study area are heterogeneous and variant, as a result of heterogeneity of Bai-Hassan aquifer due to variations in lithology and porosity. Specific capacity for these wells is measured and found varying between 172.8 – 432 m²/d. It shows an inverse relationship between the specific capacity and drawdown in the wells.
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