This paper discusses the political legacies of transmigration in local elections in Indonesia. Lampung in the south of Sumatra has an unusual ethnic make-up because in the past 100 years both the Dutch colonial administration and Indonesian Government have been implementing a transmigration programme, attempting to move people from densely populated areas to less densely populated ones. Transmigration has therefore changed the demographic pattern of Lampung, with the result that native Lampungese, who were in a majority in the 1930s, had become a minority ethnic group by 2010. Since 2005, the mode of local election has been changed from indirect to direct. As a consequence of this, there is a revival of ethnic identity politics in local elections. In this paper, we focus on a transmigration affected area where the descendants of Javanese transmigrants are numerically dominant and correspondingly powerful in local politics. This research leads us to argue that, as a result of the country's decentralization policies and elections for local government offices, ethnicity has become an important factor in local elections and in transmigration affected areas has led to the political domination of Javanese transmigrant descendants in local politics. We further show how, in response to this situation, native Lampungese elites have adopted a number of strategies to help them retain a role in local politics. Our argument runs contrary to that of some scholars who have claimed that ethnicity is playing a diminishing role in Indonesian local elections.
This article aims to measure the participation of novice voters in the regional head election during the Covid-19 pandemic in the election of mayor and deputy mayor in Bandar Lampung in 2020. The problem is focused on beginner voters who have a strategic position in the 2020 Bandar Lampung Election. beginners in the 2019 election is 20% of the total voter turnout as a whole. In order to approach this problem, Gabriel Almond's theoretical reference on forms of political participation is used. The data was collected through an online survey using google form and analyzed qualitatively. This study concludes that, first, 92% of respondents know that in December 2020 in Bandar Lampung there will be an election for Wakot and 79.5% of novice voters exercise their right to vote voluntarily. Second, 47.3% of novice voters have protested against policies made by the government and 70.5% of respondents did not participate in the public debate of the mayor and deputy mayor of Bandar Lampung in 2020. Third, novice voters in choosing a candidate for mayor and the deputy mayor is not influenced by money politics with a percentage of 96.4%. Fourth, 81.3% of novice voters answered that they were not influenced by their parents in using their right to vote and Awareness of novice voters using their right to vote as citizens was 97.3%.
Indikator sebuah negara demokrasi selalu diawali dengan adanya pemilihan umum, baik dilevel nasional maupun lokal. Pelaksaan Pilkada serentak tahun 2015 dan Pemilu tahun 2019 mengindikasi bahwa Indonesia sudah menjadi negara yang bergerak menuju negara dengan demokrasi yang matang. Sejauh ini tidak ditemukan konflik yang mengakar diaras public walaupun perhelatan dua event demokrasi besar tersebit menyisakan beragam evaluasi dimulai dari kritik terhadap sistem pemilu yang terlalu rumit, penyelenggara yang belum sempurna mengejahwantahkan peraturan pemilu di lapangan, kekurangan logistik pemilu dan berbagai pelanggaran pemilu yang ditemukan. Tulisan ini mencoba memberikan catatan terhadap kedua event politik tersebut. Catatan yang paling utama bagi Pilkada serentak adalah potensi kecurangan ternyata bukan terletak pada biaya kampanye formal yang pada Pilkada 2015 ditanggung oleh ‘penyelenggara’, dalam konteks ini penyelenggara harus mampu menemukan formulasi teknis yang dapat mengurangi sebaran politik uang dan hal itu akan lebih bermanfaat bagi kualitas pemimpin yang terpilih. Sedangkan bagi Pemilu 2019, saya melihat justru persoalan distribusi logistic, pendataan pemilih dan sistem pemilu proporsional terbuka menjadi hal utama yang harus menjadi catatan dalam evaluasi Pemilu 2019.
The 2024 Simultaneous Elections have attracted public participation by forming political volunteers supporting presidential candidates even before the candidates who will run in the election are determined. This qualitative research use observation and literature studies to examine the political participation of people who form political volunteers and the variety of clientelism practices based on market approaches according to Aspinal and Berenshot (2019). This study discovered that political volunteers grew and developed because of presidential candidates' need for political marketing services in the 2024 presidential election, which were offered to maximize the potential of Lampung Province's people, which has the eighth-largest population in the country and diverse demographic conditions. In conclusion, political volunteers act as brokers in clientelistic relations with candidates to increase popularity and build a base of supporters based on the segmentation of certain communities.
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