No abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led to a halt to almost all kinds of surgery throughout India. There was increased risk of requirement of ICU care and high rate of mortality. Surgical interventions in emergency situations were necessary to save life. The outcome in covid positive patients undergoing emergency surgeries has not been well studied during the initial stage of outbreak. The aim of this study was to determine the outcomes of emergency surgery in covid-19 positive patients. A retrospective review was performed of all COVID-19 positive Materials and methods: patients undergoing emergency intervention during June 2020 to August 2020 at a teaching hospital in North East India. Details and conditions of patients at the time of surgery are retrieved retrospectively from available medical records. Clinical characteristics and mortality were analysed. There were 28 patients who underwent emergen Results: cy surgeries during the period. There were 10 females and 18 males with age group varied between 10 to 72 years. The majority of patients 13(46%) were in American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) class 3. All patients were treated in ICU & Covid care wards post operatively. The mean length of stay was14 days. There were 5 deaths (18%) in the study group. All of the patients were in ASA class 2 or 3. The odd ratio for mortality with ASA Class 3 was 6 (p value: 0.1528; 95% CI of 0.47-327.10). All the patients with poor results were associated with co-morbidities with odd ratio of 6. (P value:0.1528; 95% CI of 0.47-3271). In this analysis it was found that emergency surgical interven Conclusions: tions were feasible with all precautions. The mortality was associated with high ASA class , co-morbidities and extremes of ages.
Background : The incidence of Carcinoma of Gall bladder(CaGB) and Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) are extremely high in Asia. The North of India and its north east regions have high incidence of both the cancers. Numerous studies reported that serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and CEA plays a role in the diagnosis and followup of CCA and Ca GB .The aim of this study was to examine the diagnostic accuracy of CEA & CA19-9 for CCA and Ca GB. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study 70 patients with Ca GB and 30 patients with CCA who had undergone treatment at a state cancer Institute in Northe east India during 2020 -2022 were included.Laboratory data of serum CEA and CA19-9 against diagnosis of Ca GB and CCA were collected using hospital record system. The diagnostic sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR),mean and standard deviations were compared between CEA and Ca19.9 in both the groups of CaGB and Cholangiocarcinoma. The Sensitivity of CEA in diagnosing Ca GB was 0 Results: .58 ; specificity was 0.53 ;diagnostic odds ratio was 1.6 with the mean of 22 and Standard Deviation (SD)of ±50.The Sensitivity of CEA in diagnosing Cholangiocarcinoma was 0.56; specificity was 0.41;daignostic odds ratio was 0.93 with the mean of 7 and Standard Deviation of (SD) of ±44. The Sensitivity of CA19.9 in diagnosing Ca GB was 0.55 ; specificity was 0.2 diagnostic odds ratio was 0.3 and mean of 560 with standard Deviation (SD) of ±400. The Sensitivity of CA19.9 in Cholangiocarcinoma was 0.83 ; specificity was 0.3. The diagnostic odds ratio was 4 and mean was 440 with Standard Deviation (SD) of ±360. These data suggest that the CEA has low specificity and sensitivity for d Conclusions: iagnosis of CaGB and cholangiocarcinoma. The CA19.9 is more sensitive in Cholangiocarcinoma
Purpose: Fish and seafood consumption by North American children is low. This is concerning, given the critical role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid), found in fish and seafood, in early development. This study aimed to determine whether parental factors related to fish and seafood consumption are associated with frequency of fish and seafood consumption in Canadian children. Methods: A subgroup of parents (n = 28) participating in the Guelph Family Health Study Pilot reported their perceptions and history of fish and seafood consumption, confidence in preparing fish and seafood dishes, and the frequency of intake for their children (n = 40). Results: This study found that 20% of children consumed one serving of saltwater fish, freshwater fish, or shellfish weekly and 63% consumed at least one type of fish or seafood monthly. Parental cooking confidence preparing fish and seafood was positively associated with at least monthly fish and seafood intake in children. Conclusions: These findings suggest that some children may have low intakes of fish and seafood due to a lack of parental cooking confidence when preparing fish and seafood dishes. Therefore, future research and interventions focused on addressing this barrier may aid in improving fish and seafood intake.
This article describes the background behind and the process of the digitization of travel ephemera contained within the University of Guelph’s Scottish Studies Collection. Developed as an experiential learning opportunity for undergraduate students at the University of Guelph, this project explores the place that postcards held in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Scotland, the technologies involved with the printing and creation of postcards, their intended purpose, and what can be learned about Victorian, Edwardian, and postwar society based on postcard design, descriptions, and use. Through the creation of an Omeka online exhibit, those involved with this digitization project were able to share their analysis with the public, while making these materials digitally available for consultation and review.
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