PurposeFracture of femur is a painful bone injury, worsened by any movement. This prospective study was performed to compare the analgesic effects of femoral nerve block (FNB) with intravenous (IV) fentanyl prior to positioning patients with fractured femur for spinal block.Patients and methodsSixty-four ASA I–III patients aged 18–80 years undergoing surgery for femur fracture were randomized into two groups. Fifteen minutes before spinal block, the FNB group received nerve stimulator-assisted FNB with a mixture of 20 mL bupivacaine 0.5% and 10 mL normal saline 0.9%, and the fentanyl group received two doses of IV fentanyl 0.5 μg/kg with a five-minute interval between doses. Numeric rating pain scores were compared. During positioning, fentanyl in 0.5 μg/kg increments was given every five minutes until pain scores were ≤4.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between the groups according to pain scores, need for additional fentanyl, and satisfaction with positioning before spinal block.ConclusionWe were unable to demonstrate a benefit of FNB over IV fentanyl for patient positioning before spinal block. However, FNB can provide postoperative pain relief, whereas side effects of fentanyl must be considered, and analgesic dosing should be titrated based on pain scores. A multimodal approach (FNB + IV fentanyl) may be a possible option.
Background: To identify the incidence of, risk factors for, and outcomes associated with postoperative delirium (POD) in older adult patients who underwent noncardiac surgery. Methods: This prospective study recruited patients aged ≥ 60 years who were scheduled to undergo noncardiac surgery at Siriraj Hospital (Bangkok, Thailand). Functional and cognitive statuses were assessed preoperatively using Barthel Index (BI) and the modified Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly, respectively. POD was diagnosed based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition criteria. Incidence of POD was reported. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify risk factors for POD. Results: Of the 249 included patients, 29 (11.6%) developed POD. Most patients (61.3%) developed delirium on postoperative day 1. Univariate analysis showed age ≥ 75 years, BI score ≤ 70, pre-existing dementia, preoperative use of opioid or benzodiazepine, preoperative infection, and hematocrit < 30% to be significantly associated with POD. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed pre-existing dementia (adjusted risk ratio [RR]: 3.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.91-8.17; p < 0.001) and age ≥ 75 years (adjusted RR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.11-5.80; p = 0.027) to be independent risk factors for POD. Median length of hospital stay was 10 (range: 3-36) days for patients with POD versus 6 (range: 2-76) days for those without delirium (p < 0.001). Conclusions: POD remains a common surgical complication, with an incidence of 11.6%. Patients with pre-existing dementia and age ≥ 75 years are the most vulnerable high-risk group. A multidisciplinary team consisting of anesthesiologists and geriatricians should implement perioperative care to prevent and manage POD.
Objective To investigate the incidence of and risk factors for moderate to severe pain during the first 24 hours after laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included morbidly obese patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass at a single institution between June 2016 and July 2018. Demographic, clinical, operative, and postoperative pain data from the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and ward were analyzed. Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) was commenced before PACU discharge. Results Ninety-seven patients were included. The mean age was 38.60 ± 12.27 years, and the mean BMI was 45.04 ± 8.42 kg/m2, and 69% were female. The incidence of moderate to severe pain was 75%. Moderate to severe pain during the first 24 hours was associated with young age, female sex, postoperative administration of NSAIDs, first pain score greater than 3 on arrival at the PACU, and inadequate pain control at PACU discharge. A multivariate analysis revealed that inadequate pain control at PACU discharge was the only factor independently associated with moderate to severe pain during the first 24 hours postoperatively (p=0.011). From PACU discharge to the end of postoperative day 3, moderate to severe pain at the end of each 24-hour period was a significant predictor of moderate to severe pain in the subsequent 24-hour period (p=0.011, p < 0.001, and p=0.004, respectively). Conclusions Moderate to severe pain was experienced by 75% of patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery and receiving IV-PCA after PACU discharge. Inadequate pain control at PACU discharge was the only independent risk factor for moderate to severe pain during the first 24 hours postoperatively.
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