Two intergeneric hybrids between Ligularia nelumbifolia and Cremanthodium stenoglossum were examined with respect to the chemical composition of root extracts and the sequences of neutral DNA regions. The DNA data showed that the direction of hybridization was different between the individuals. Eremophilane sesquiterpenes were found in both hybrids and deduced to have come from their Cremanthodium parents, because sesquiterpenes were detected in C. stenoglossum but not in L. nelumbifolia.
Oseltamivir has a hypothermic effect in mice when injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) and intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.). Here we show that the hypothermia evoked by i.c.v.-oseltamivir is inhibited by non-selective dopamine receptor antagonists (sulpiride and haloperidol) and the D-selective antagonist L-741,626, but not by D/D-selective and D-selective antagonists (SCH-23390 and SB-277011-A, respectively). The hypothermic effect of i.p.-administered oseltamivir was not inhibited by sulpiride, haloperidol, L-741,626 and SCH-23390. In addition, neither sulpiride, haloperidol nor SCH-23390 blocked hypothermia evoked by i.c.v.-administered oseltamivir carboxylate (a hydrolyzed metabolite of oseltamivir). These results suggest that oseltamivir in the brain induces hypothermia through activation of dopamine D receptors.
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