Standardized laboratory testing of wood and wood-based products against subterranean termites in Indonesia (SNI 01.7207-2006) (SNI) has no requirement for the inclusion of a comparative reference species of wood (reference control). This is considered a weakness of the Indonesian standard. Consequently, a study was undertaken to identify a suitable Indonesian species of community wood that could be used as a reference control. Four candidate species of community woods: Acacia mangium, Hevea brasiliensis, Paraserianthes falcataria and Pinus merkusii were selected for testing their susceptibility to feeding by Coptotermes formosanus. Two testing methods (SNI and the Japanese standard method JIS K 1571-2004) were used to compare the susceptibility of each species of wood. Included in the study was Cryptomeria japonica, the reference control specified in the Japanese standard. The results of the study indicated that P. merkusii is a suitable reference species of wood for inclusion in laboratory tests against subterranean termites, conducted in accordance with the Indonesian standard (SNI 01.7207-2006).
The role of plantation forests will become more important in the future, along with the increasing demand for wood. However, pest infestation problems may represent significant obstacles to the development of sustainable forest plantations. Bagworms are one of the most important pests in Indonesian plantation forests. Outbreaks of bagworms have occurred in different tree species for wood or non-wood resources. This paper presents the first review of bagworms in Indonesian plantation forests. This review presents the diversity of bagworms, their pest status, and the factors affecting the outbreaks. More than 70 bagworm species were recorded in Indonesia, which is higher than the species richness recorded in neighboring countries. The subfamily Oiketicinae has the highest number of species, followed by Typhoniinae and Taleporiinae. The highest bagworm richness has been recorded in Western Indonesia, except for Papua, where many new species have recently been described. More than 10 species of bagworms have been reported as pests in Indonesian forest trees. Pteroma plagiophleps is currently considered the most important pest in the forestry sector because of the wide range of forest trees used as hosts. Bagworm outbreaks have been reported in forest trees since 1924. The first outbreak occurred only in pines in Sumatra. Currently, outbreaks occur in more host plants and on other islands. Bagworm outbreaks are influenced by multiple factors, such as the biology of the bagworms, their host plants and natural enemies, climate, and silvicultural practices.
Pine wood has been commonly utilized as bait wood in controlling termites by using a baiting system. This research aims to evaluate the palatability of subterranean termites against pine wood by boiled treatment, steamed, hot vapor pressured, and oven in Alam Sinarsari Residence, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia and analyze the distribution of termites and identity the termite species that attack bait wood. The size of bait wood refers to ASTM D 1758-06. There were four treatments of bait wood; steam treatment (100°C), boiling treatment (100°C), hot vapor pressure treatment (1 bar and 105°C) for five hours each and oven treatment (103 ± 2°C) for 48 hours. As a comparison, bait wood without treatment was prepared as a control. The result showed that bait wood using boiling treatment had more active subterranean termites than others. The identification result showed that there were 4 species of subterranean species (Macrotermes sp., Odontotermes sp., Microtermes sp., and Schedorhinotermes sp). The highest frequency of termites attack was in bait wood using oven treatment, and the highest damage intensity was in hot vapor pressure treatment. Based on the rating system the best treatment for bait wood treatment is hot vapor pressure treatment and boiling.
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