Increasing aging population causes an increased prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia that is associated with memory decline. Developing strategies for the prevention and therapy of age-related dementia is important to reduce the burden of treatment costs. Physical exercise is known to prevent cognitive decline and improve cognitive abilities. Physical exercise with moderate intensity for at least 150 minutes/week or 30 minutes/day for 5 days can reduce the incidence of degenerative diseases in the elderly. Thus, physical exercise appears as a simple, inexpensive, and affordable non-pharmacological therapy for most people. The processes of neurogenesis and neuronal survival involve the role of neurotrophic factors including BDNF, IGF-1 and VEGF, which are the three main neurotrophic factors that are known to increase after exercise. Many publications discuss about these neurotrophic factors, but their mechanism of signals and changes related to aging and exercise have not been completely studied. The purpose of this review is to discuss the mechanism of signals and changes of neurotrophic factors (focuses on BDNF, IGF-1, and VEGF) related to aging and exercise.
An online survey was conducted for an international collaborative study from a remote area during the COVID-19 pandemic because the researchers needed to consider non-face-to-face methods of conducting an international collaborative study in situations in which social distance must be maintained. In an international collaborative study between Indonesia and Japan, we were able to conduct online qualitative data collection in Lombok, Indonesia, during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of qualitative data collection, data analysis, and ethical considerations for participants of an online qualitative data collection in an international collaborative study. The results were divided into three categories to summarize the lessons learned: 1) field coordination of an online interview guide and protocol, 2) ethical considerations regarding gender and privacy, and 3) methodology focusing on the online qualitative data collection. The lessons learned revealed the advantages and disadvantages of online qualitative data collection to handle multiple challenges. The online qualitative data collection conducted for an international collaborative study during the COVID-19 pandemic overcame several challenges through protocol development.
Background This study explores the difference in COVID-19 corpse handling protocol rejection before and after the innovation in rapid molecular test (RMT) postmortem examination and providing negative pressure mortuary rooms. This study is a retrospective observational study. Each of the corpse’s immediate family was explained the procedure for handling the body based on the fatwa of the religious institution and the hospital’s standard operating system. The acceptance or rejection of the protocol, general characteristics of the corpse, and the reasons for refusal are documented. Results From March to May 2020, there were 16 probable COVID-19 corpses and 3 confirmed COVID-19 corpses. Rejection of the COVID-19 corpse protocol occurred six times. The main reason for rejection is that the death might not necessarily be caused by COVID-19, the body’s handling in the hospital is not following religious law, and the negative stigma of COVID-19. From June to August 2020, there were 42 probable COVID-19 corpses and 49 confirmed COVID-19 corpses. Rejection of the COVID-19 corpse protocol occurred eight times. The most rejection reason is that the deceased families do not believe the deceased died because of COVID-19. Conclusions The decline in the COVID-19 corpse protocol rejection has occurred after applying RMT and providing a negative pressure mortuary room. This decline proves that religious conservative groups can accept this innovation to reduce rejection on religious grounds.
Improving the quality of health services has resulted in a high elderly population. The elderly are more susceptible to various degenerative diseases, including dementia. The high prevalence of dementia is a major health issue that has an impact on global socioeconomic problems. Indonesia is one of the world's largest archipelagic countries. As an archipelago-based region, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) has numerous marine resources that could be utilized as potential dementia therapies. This program aims to conduct health screenings for dementia and educate about the potential of marine resources for dementia treatment. This program consists of two phases. The first phase consists of a health screening to assess the risk of dementia. This phase includes measuring blood pressure, measuring blood sugar, and evaluating cognitive performance. The second phase consists of health education regarding the potential of marine resources. Based on dementia screening revealed that 96% of participants need additional evaluation. About 47.3% of the patients were diagnosed with hypertension, 61.1% required further confirmation for diabetes mellitus, and 5.6% were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Health education explains the importance of marine resources in preventing degenerative diseases, the nutritional value of marine resources, and the proper treatment of marine resources as food and medication. The community's enthusiasm for health education is high. The high interest of the people was evidenced by a large number of attendees and queries asked. The community participates actively, and the programs run as intended.
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