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The prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites and the gross pathological lesions produced by them in different types of poultry were studied from March 2005 to March 2006, in the Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. In this study, 240 viscera of three types of poultry such as broiler, layer and backyard indigenous chickens were collected from local markets of Mymensingh district. During routine examination, total six species of helminth parasites were recorded, of which three species were nematodes such as Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum and Capillaria annulata; two species were cestodes such as Raillietina tetragona and Amoebotaenia sphenoides and only one species was belonged to trematode such as Catatropis verrucosa. Prevalence of different species of gastrointestinal helminths was highest in backyard poultry (100%) followed by layer (48.75%) and broiler (3.75%) which was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Backyard poultry was significantly (p < 0.05) 168.21 and 4106.67 times more susceptible to helminth infection than layer and broiler respectively. But layer was 24.41 times more susceptible to helminth infection than broiler. In backyard poultry, all six species of helminth parasites were found. A statistically significant (p < 0.05) variation in the prevalence of the recovered parasites from backyard poultry were observed such as the prevalence of R. tetragona (100%) was the highest followed by that of A. galli (87.50%) and H. gallinarum (80%). From the odds ratio of the recovered parasites, it was observed that chance of developing R. tetragona (odds ratio 189.73) in backyard poultry was the highest followed by A. galli (odds ratio 7.51) and H. gallinarum (odds ratio 4.04). In case of layer, only A. galli and R. tetragona were recorded, of which, prevalence of A. galli was the highest (43.75%). In broiler, only A. galli (3.75%) was found. Gross pathological lesions were found only in backyard poultry. Pathological changes were detected in case of A. sphenoides and H. gallinarum infection. In A. sphenoides infection petechial hemorrhages were observed in the mucosa of the duodenum. On the other hand, tiny, white, circumscribed nodules of about 2-3 mm of diameter were found in the caecal mucosa in case of H. gallinarum infection.Results of the present study suggest that the backyard poultry is at the high risk of helminth infection. However, layers are also vulnerable to parasitic infection. So regular deworming is essential both in backyard poultry and layer birds to obtain better production from them.

The present study was carried out to investigate the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal properties of ethanol leave extract of Mangifera indica. For evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, acetic acid induced writhing response model and carrageenan induced paw edema model were used in Swiss albino mice and Wistar albino rats, respectively. In both cases, leaves extract were administered and the obtained effects were compared with commercially available analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug, Diclofenac Sodium. In analgesic bioassay, oral administration of the ethanol leaves extract significantly (P<0.01) reduced the writhing response. The degree of inhibition of leaves extract was 55.8% compared to the effect of standard analgesic drug, Diclofenac Sodium (75.28%). On the other hand, though leaves extract reduce paw edema but they did not show any significant effect. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of leaves extract also carried out by disc diffusion technique and poisoned food technique. In antibacterial experiment, leaves extract showed 7.0 mm to 11.5 mm in diameter of zone of inhibition against six Gram positive bacteria (such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus vulgaricus) and two Gram negative bacteria (such as Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonei ). But Salmonella typhi and Proteus sp had negative activity on leaves extract. The leaves extract of Mangifera indica showed antifungal activity against three fungal species (such as Aspergillus ustus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus ochraceus).

A B S T R A C TThe research work was performed for the isolation and identification of Pasteurella multocida from field cases, preparation of oil adjuvanted vaccine from isolated strain and determination of its efficacy. Samples were collected from suspected dead birds of three poultry farms of Bangladesh (Code name: M and R). The P. multocida isolates were Gram negative, non-motile, non-spore forming rod occurring singly or pairs and occasionally as chains or filaments. Biochemically P. multocida ferment basic sugar and consistently produced acid except from maltose and lactose. After isolation formalin killed oil adjuvanted Fowl cholera vaccine was prepared in Laboratory of the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, BAU and this experimental vaccine (3.2x10 8 CFU/ml) was administered in nine weeks old White Leg Horn chickens at the different dose rate through intramuscular (IM) route in each selected group A (1ml alum precipitated vaccine), B (0.5ml alum precipitated vaccine), C (1ml oil adjuvanted vaccine) and D (0.5ml oil adjuvanted vaccine). Pre-vaccinated sera were collected from all groups of birds. The mean of Passive Hemagglutination (PHA) titers of post-vaccination were 51±17.8, 76.8±17, 89.6±17, and 115±17.81 in group A, B, C and D respectively which consist of 5 birds in each. The vaccine produced better immune response when boostering with the similar dose and route at 15 days after primary vaccination. The mean PHA titers were higher at group D than other groups after boostering. Challenge infection was conducted on all the vaccinated and control group (n=5) of birds after 15 days of vaccination which protect 93.75% of birds and the PHA titers from different groups analyzed to determine the protective capacity of vaccinated chickens against challenge exposure. It was demonstrated that experimental oil adjuvanted fowl cholera vaccine with 0.5ml dose produce higher immune response against challenge infection and found to be safe.

The experiment was conducted for profiling the existing broiler farming at Santhia upazilla under Pabna District during the period from February to March, 2012. Data were collected using an interview schedule from 50 randomly selected respondents who were involved in broiler farming. In this study out of 50 respondents 60% were engaged in agriculture, 36% businessman and 4% were in services. About 48% respondents had small size farms (100-500 birds), 40% had medium (501-1000 birds) and remaining were large size (1001-2000 birds). Most of the respondents reared Cobb-500 strain, those were purchased from Kazi Farms Ltd. Out of 50 respondents 30% took necessary suggestions from the experienced farmers, 90% farmers regularly vaccinated their broilers and 70% farmers taken short training on broiler farming. About 78% respondents considered market weight as 1.5 kg per bird, whereas the rest 22% sold broiler weighing about 1.8 kg per bird. Most of the respondents (64%) sold broiler at 30-33 d of age and about 80% respondents marketing their broiler at 110-115 taka per kg live bird. About 36% respondents had production cost approximately 90-95 taka per kg bird. In this study, about 36% respondents reported more marketing age of birds, 32% reported higher cost of production and 30% reported lack of training facilities. In conclusion, the result of present study could be considered useful to farmers and researchers to identify the overall problems and their remedies on management and marketing related to broiler production.

Genitalia from 51 female goats (Capra hircus) were examined after slaughter at an abattoir in Mymensingh and the frequency of abnormalities determined. Uterine abnormalities were found in 18 (35.2%) cases and uterine infection in 14 (27%). A total of six (11.8%) ovaries showed pathological lesions including three granulosa-cell tumours, two cystic ovarian degenerations, one oöphoritis and one adenomyosis. Remaining conditions included two parovarian cysts, two cervicitis, two salpingitis, and three others. Further study with detailed histopathology is recommended. (Bangl. vet. 2008. Vol. 25, No. 2, 88-90) The Black Bengal goats are the predominant small ruminant in Bangladesh and are prolific and give birth every six months. In each kidding, two to three kids are born. There is no seasonal trend, but the kidding rate is high in winter (NovemberFebruary). Fertility problems are rare; however a few cases of pseudopregnancy, hydrometra and hermaphroditism are recorded. There are many reproductive disorders diagnosed during post-mortem examination (Alam and Rahman, 1979;Alam, 1984). No systematic studies on genital diseases in slaughtered goats have been carried out in Bangladesh.The goats of one and a half years of age, weighing between 12-15 kg were examined before slaughter at the Mymensingh municipal slaughterhouse. After slaughter, genital organs of 51 non-pregnant goats were brought to the pathology laboratory for examination in an icebox, and abnormalities were recorded as described by McEntee (1990).Of 51 genitalia, 27 (52.9%) showed genital abnormalities (Table 1). Other diseases were not considered during this investigation.Eighteen (35.2%) of the goats had uterine diseases. Among these were 14 uterine infections, one adenomyosis and three others. Six cases of ovarian abnormalities were diagnosed of which three were granulosa-cell tumour, two cystic ovarian degenerations and one oöphoritis. In addition, two cases of each parovarian cysts, cervicitis and salpingitis were recorded.

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