Skin cancer (SC) referred to as cutaneous carcinoma is a serious public health concern on a global scale particularly for those with fair skin. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes skin cancer, but the exact mechanism by which occurs and the most effective methods of intervention to prevent it are yet unknown. Using bioinformatic approaches several biomarkers have been identified to determine the severity of skin cancer. This study will use bioinformatics and pharmacology approaches to discover potential biomarkers of SC for early diagnosis, prevention of disease, and therapeutic target identification.
This study compared gene expression and protein levels in UV-mediated cultured keratinocytes and adjacent normal skin tissue using RNA sequencing data from the NCBI-GEO database. Then we employed GO and signalling pathway database, selection of hub genes from protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, survival and expression profile, and gene regulatory network analysis to screen potential clinical biomarkers.
In the study, we identified 32 shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 19 upregulated genes and 13 downregulated genes by analyzing three different subsets of the GSE85443 dataset. Skin cancer development is related to control of several DEGs through cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity, cell cycle regulation and activation of the NIMA kinase pathways. The cytohubba plugin in Cytoscape identified twelve hub genes from PPI; among these three DEGs namely, AURKA, CDK4, and PLK1 were shown to be significantly associated with survival (p $<$ 0.05) and highly expressed in SC tissues. Transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and protein-chemical also indicates the hub genes bound to several molecules.
Further investigation and clinical experiments will be needed to evaluate the expression of these identified biomarkers regarding the prognosis of SC patients.
Spontaneous regression of malignancies have been documented, but it is a rare phenomenon. Most of such cases have been neuroblastoma, renal cell carcinoma or lymphoid tissue malignancies. This phenomenon has been recorded in few cases of Lung cancer also. Here we present a case of small cell lung cancer which was diagnosed with certainty. Patient did not take any treatment except the symptomatic one. As patient kept on living, and also improving, he was further investigated. Follow up X-Ray chest, Computed tomography scan showed total clearance of the tumour. Immuno-histochemistry of previous histology slides reconfirmed the diagnosis of Lung cancer. Though 8 cases of spontaneous regression of lung cancer have been reported in world literature, this is the first case which diagnosis and regression of lung cancer are confirmed without any doubts by various modalities. Many theories have been propagated to explain this phenomenon but none is proven so far. If mechanism of this phenomenon could be known, we can hope to find the cure of cancer.
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