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Jiangsu province is one of the economically strong provinces in east China. With the advance of the modernization process, the problem of air pollution in this area is facing a severe challenge under the common role of human activities and regional climate change. While the rest of the world struggles to control COVID-19, China has managed to control the pandemic rapidly and effectively with strong lockdown policies. This study investigates the change in air pollution (focusing on the air quality index (AQI), six ambient air pollutants nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), ozone (O 3 ), sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤10 μm (PM 10 ) and ≤2.5 μm (PM 2.5 )) patterns for different periods in last 5 years. Different pollutants have different behavior identified in this studied which is helping for understanding the pattern of air quality. Short-term health advantages from the COVID-19 pandemic can be attributed to the reduction in air pollution and significant improvement in ambient air quality, which need the government to enact post-COVID environmental regulations.

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The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of mutagens i.e. Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and Sodium azide (SA) on the morphological growth of Okra. Seeds of two Okra varieties Subzpari and Pahuja were first pre-soaked in distilled water and then treated with 0.0 (Control), 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% Sodium azide (SA) and Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) separately. The results showed that the germination rate was significantly decreased with increased lethality (%) and mutation frequency (%) in M1 of both varieties with increasing concentrations of EMS and SA against control. The results showed that different concentrations of EMS and SA affected morphological attributes of both okra varieties as the increase of mutagen concentration showed variable results in M1 generation compared with control, but M2 generation showed useful improvement in various traits. Such as the M2 generation of Subs pari from 0.1% SA treatment showed a decrease in flowering time while an increase in the number of fruits per plant, fruit size, seeds yield (g) per plant and 100 seeds weight.

Urban parks and road greening are important components of primary gardens, and their plant communities are based on the ecology of different management and operation modes. Urban greening is the link connecting the city segment isolation green space, good road greening can not only achieve the effect of greening, beautification, but also play a role in purifying the air, reducing noise, reducing radiation heat, and protecting the road surface, to people's travel and life to create a safe, pleasant, comfortable, beautiful, and hygienic environment. In this paper, through the Karachi main road and parks greening geo-spatial survey found that it contains 32 tree species, of which 4 species of naked plants, quilt plants 28 species. Road green tree species have a low diameter level and are in their infancy. The tree species of road greening in each district are mainly trees, and the important value of trees is much higher than that of shrubs. The diversity index of green tree species in each district is low, and a few tree species in each district account for more than 50% of all trees. By measuring the light intensity, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed of different road greening forms, the effects of different road greening forms on small climate, environmental comfort and air flow are analyzed, and the results show that the greening forms of roads with large vertical projection area on the road are the most obvious in reducing light intensity, reducing air temperature, and increasing relative humidity. Trees in the road vertical projection area of large road greening form so that the road environment is in a comfortable situation throughout the day, conducive to human health. Trees in the road above the vertical projection area of the road green form can better reduce the road near the surface temperature, but trees in the road vertical projection area of small road greening.

Agarwood is mainly used to make incense, perfume, traditional Chinese medicine, and other products. In some parts of China, some consumers use cigarettes that contain agarwood. Not all Aquilaria trees can generate agarwood; only trees that are damaged by natural and artificial means form resin. Due to the short time of forming resin, there are some differences in the quality of agarwood. This paper studies the effects of the application of cultivated agarwood in incense, cigarettes, and essential oil. First, the differences in combustion as an incense of this cultivated agarwood and three samples of natural agarwood were researched, and the cytotoxic and genotoxic of aerosols of combustion were tested. Subsequently, the effect of the application of this cultivated agarwood in cigarettes was studied. The particulate matter particles of four samples of agarwood incense burning smoke were detected. The ultrafine particles and fine particles accounted for the vast majority (more than 99%) by number and by mass, and these can enter the human alveoli and have a negative impact on health.

Roads have a great impact on the structure and functioning of the diversity pattern in an ecological environment and play the role of altering biotic and abiotic factors. Clusters of plants grow along the roadside due to the interplay between the arrival of propagule and seedling establishment, which depends on the road’s specifications, land pattern, and road administration and protection practices. It is very important to study the diversity pattern in a metropolitan city to improve the ecological environment. Karachi is one of the world’s largest and fastest-growing metropolitan cities; however, little is known about the urban forest of the area. In Karachi, which is in the province of Sindh, Pakistan, roadside trees along various road types (e.g., wide, medium and narrow roads) have been studied. Based on a field study, various measures of diversity were utilized to investigate the diversity of tree species on different types of paths. A total of 180 plots, divided into three primary road groups, were surveyed. The highest quantity of tree biomass per unit area was found on wide roads, followed by medium roads. On narrow roads, the least biomass was detected. A single species or a limited number of species dominated the diversity of species. Conocarpus erectus was the most dominant non-native species along all types of roads, followed by the species Guaiacum officinale. A total of 76 species (32 non-native and 44 native) that were selectively spread along the roadsides of the city were studied. There was a significant difference in phylogenetic diversity (PD), phylogenetic mean pairwise distance (MPD) and phylogenetic mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD) between wide, medium, and narrow roads. Management practices have a significant positive correlation with diversity indices. Our study identified patterns of diversity in roadside trees in Karachi. It provided the basis for future plant conservation planning, such as the conservation of plant species, the maintenance of plant habitats, and the coordination of plant management in Karachi.