This article presents the design, construction, and evaluation of an easy-to-build textile pressure resistive sensor created from low-cost conventional anti-static sheets and conductive woven fabrics. The sensor can be built quickly using standard household tools, and its thinness makes it especially suitable for wearable applications. Five sensors constructed under such conditions were evaluated, presenting a stable and linear characteristic in the range 1 to 70 kPa. The linear response was modeled and fitted for each sensor individually for comparison purposes, confirming a low variability due to the simple manufacturing process. Besides, the recovery times of the sensors were measured for pressures in the linear range, observing, for example, an average time of 1 s between the moment in which a pressure of 8 kPa was no longer applied, and the resistance variation at the 90% of its nominal value. Finally, we evaluated the proposed sensor design on a classroom application consisting of a smart glove that measured the pressure applied by each finger. From the evaluated characteristics, we concluded that the proposed design is suitable for didactic, healthcare and lifestyle applications in which the sensing of pressure variations, e.g., for activity assessment, is more valuable than accurate pressure sensing.
Wide-area optical networks face significant transmission challenges due to the relentless growth of bandwidth demands experienced nowadays. Network operators must consider the relationship between modulation format and maximum reach for each connection request due to the accumulation of physical layer impairments in optical fiber links, to guarantee a minimum quality of service (QoS) and quality of transmission (QoT) to all connection requests. In this work, we present a BER-adaptive solution to solve the routing, modulation format, and spectrum assignment (RMLSA) problem for wide-area elastic optical networks. Our main goal is to maximize successful connection requests in wide-area networks while choosing modulation formats with the highest efficiency possible. Consequently, our technique uses an adaptive bit-error-rate (BER) threshold to achieve communication with the best QoT in the most efficient manner, using the strictest BER value and the modulation format with the smallest bandwidth possible. Additionally, the proposed algorithm relies on 3R regeneration devices to enable long-distances communications if transparent communication cannot be achieved. We assessed our method through simulations for various network conditions, such as the number of regenerators per node, traffic load per user, and BER threshold values. In a scenario without regenerators, the BER-Adaptive algorithm performs similarly to the most relaxed fixed BER threshold studied in blocking probability. However, it ensures a higher QoT to most of the connection requests. The proposed algorithm thrives with the use of regenerators, showing the best performance among the studied solutions, enabling long-distance communications with a high QoT and low blocking probability.
Esta es la versión de autor de la comunicación de congreso publicada en: This is an author produced version of a paper published in: El acceso a la versión del editor puede requerir la suscripción del recurso Access to the published version may require subscriptionOptical Switching and Networking (2011) 1 Abstract-Greening of the Internet has become one of the main challenges for the research community. Optical networks can provide an energy efficient solution, but it has become crucial to assess its power efficiency. In this context, dynamic operation of WDM networks is expected to provide significant power savings when compared to static operation; however, its benefits need to be evaluated to determine its actual impact and to analyze future trends. In this paper, a general framework for evaluating energy consumption in WDM networks is introduced. The proposed framework enables the analysis of different node architectures, link capacities and network topologies. In particular, the case of three different node architectures is discussed and compared. Results show that dynamic operation can significantly reduce power consumption when either the traffic load is below 0.4 or when short reach transponders consume significantly lower power than long reach ones. In the latter case, dynamic operation shows significant benefits compared to the static case for traffic loads higher than 0.4. It is also shown that the transponders of the input/output stage of the nodes determine the benefit -in terms of power consumption-of an eventual migration from static to dynamic architecture rather than the transponders of the interface between the WDM and higher layers.
Multi-band elastic optical networks are a promising alternative to meet the bandwidth demand of the ever-growing Internet traffic. In this letter, we propose a family of band allocation algorithms for multi-band elastic optical networks. Employing simulation, we evaluate the blocking performance of 3 algorithms of such a family and compare their performance with the only heuristic proposed to date. Results show that the three new algorithms outperform the previous proposal, with up to one order of magnitude improvement. We expect these results to help advance the area of dynamic resource allocation in multi-band elastic optical networks.
This article presents a parametric study of a fully 3D-printed hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) using low loss dielectric filament and high-conductive filaments jointly with a low-cost customized dual-extruding 3D printer. The parametric study consisted in the design and evaluation of five different hemispherical DRA topologies with different internal shapes and the same overall size, in which the printing infill percentage of the DRA was reduced. A 3D-printed metallic cap was included in the antenna to compensate for the resonant frequency shift in order to maintain its original dimensions. Measurement results show that all evaluated antennas kept the same resonant frequencies and similar radiation patterns while reducing the overall weight of the topology in 22% of the nominal weight.INDEX TERMS 3D-printing, conductive filaments, dielectric resonator antennas, dielectric filaments.
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