Mangrove Ecotourism Wonorejo Forest (EHMW) is designed by the Surabaya City's government to have some aspects of nature and education to conservation that may help to save the environment and economy, especially through the tourism. some ecologists revealed that the development of tourism in EHMW runs not balanced and not oriented to the principle of sustainability. This study aims to determine the level of sustainability of EHMW management in Surabaya based on analysis of three sustainability criteria. The study was conducted from September to October 2017. We conducted two methods of data collection: interviews and questionnaires. Assessment is grouped into four levels of sustainability status (%): 0.00-25.00 (unsustainable); 25.01-50.00 (less sustainability); 50.01-75.00 (sufficient sustainability); and 75.01-100,00 (continuous). EHMW management goes into sustainable criteria (77.18%). The value of the sustainability of all criteria is still below 50.1%, or less sustainable. Each criteria's value was ecology criteria of 29.38%, on the economic criteria of 28.17% and on the social criteria of 19.63%.
Riparians are undergoing extensive reductions and changes in their natural composition into agricultural and urban area. The relationship between the vegetation distribution pattern and the riparian topography factor has been assumed to typically represent a biome-specific or vegetation-specific constant. This study aim is to analyze the vegetation distribution pattern with topography along Alista river in Dau District, Malang. We surveyed 3 stations that represent a zone of edge gradient between the river and the mainland: levee, mid-flood, and slough. We used the wetland classification (Obligate -OBL; Facultative Wetland-FACW; Facultative Upland (FACU); and Upland (UPL) for each species found from various sources. we observed that facultative upland plants have a broad dominance. Mid-floodplain and slough dominated by typical upland species. Although Levee widely consisted of by upland plants, this area has one distinctive obligate species: Equisetum. The presence of OBL species in the levee and mid-floodplain indicate the area is receiving more frequent floods than other areas.
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