Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) doped polyaniline and carbon black (CB) composites (PANI-DBSA/CB) were synthesized by in-situ polymerization of aniline in the aqueous dispersion of carbon black (CB) in the presence of ammonium persulfate (APS) as an oxidant. Various composite samples with varying amounts of CB (1 wt% and 2 wt%) were synthesized and were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD studies confirmed the formation of the well-organized and semi-crystalline structure of the composites. SEM analysis revealed the increase in grain size and the granular structure of the synthesized composites. DC conductivity was measured in the temperature range from 300 K to 393 K using two probe methods. An increase in DC conductivity was found on the inclusion of carbon black at all temperatures and the most probable model of charge transport was found to be three-dimensional variable range hopping (3D-VRH). As the concentration of CB in the composites increased, activation energy was found to be decreased. The density of states, hopping length, and hopping energy were calculated, respectively, and were found to be influenced by CB incorporation.
This paper reports hybrid composites based on polyaniline (PANI) and calcium titanate (CaTiO3) perovskite as a nanofiller synthesized by in-situ polymerization technique. Their structure and morphology were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The XRD analysis shows that the addition of CaTiO3 in polyaniline reduced the amorphous structure of polyaniline transforming it into semi-crystalline nature, which agrees well with the higher conductivity. Scanning electron microscopy of composites showed a more compact and homogenous structure with uniform distribution of CaTiO3 in the polymer matrix. Dielectric parameters such as dielectric constant, loss factor, and dielectric loss, real and imaginary parts of electric modulus were measured and evaluated as a function of frequency and temperature as well. The variation of dielectric properties and ac conductivity reveals that the dispersion is due to the Maxwell-Wagner type of interfacial polarization. The observed ac conductivity behavior of polyaniline in the presence of calcium titanate was discussed in the framework of Jonscher’s power law. The result showed that ac conductivity increases with the rise of the frequency of applied field and temperature analogous to the semiconducting behavior of composites. Temperature-dependent behavior of frequency exponent seems to obey correlated barrier hopping conduction mechanism. The relaxation behavior of the synthesized samples was analyzed by the electric field modulus and was found to decrease with temperature and CaTiO3 content and increase with frequency.
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