Water erosion is the main factor of degradation and reduction of the productive capacity of the soil, requiring management operations that minimize water and soil losses and at the same time maximize crop productivity. The research aimed to quantify losses by water erosion and, in the runoff water, determine the levels and total losses of P and K during the development of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus benthamii). Eucalyptus was planted in three types of soil preparation: minimum preparation in the direction of the slope, minimum preparation in the contour of the slope, and semi-mechanized preparation, in an experiment in southern Brazil on a Haplic Dystrudept soil. We observed that the mechanical preparation of the soil carried out in the direction of the slope is less effective in controlling soil losses than the mechanical carried out perpendicularly to the slope and also less effective than the manual in pits, in which the soil losses are equivalent to 10% of those that occur in the direction of the slope. As for the control of water losses, manual preparation in pits is more effective than the two mechanized preparations. The greatest losses of soil occur in the fall, with losses 27 times greater in relation to the other seasons of the year, and the greatest losses of water occurred in the mechanized preparation perpendicular to the slope and in the manual preparation. Water losses vary less than soil losses, regardless of the type of soil preparation and the season. The losses of phosphorus and potassium by the Runoff water vary with the contents in the soil, with the type of soil preparation and with the moment of evaluation.
Mineral coal extraction in Santa Catarina State (Brazil) Carboniferous Basin has degraded the local ecosystem, restricting the use of its areas. One of the biggest environmental impacts in the mining areas is the uncontrolled disposal of waste and sterile mining with high concentrations of pyrite, which in the presence of air and water is oxidized promoting the formation of acid mine drainage (AMD). These contaminants can be leached into water resources, restrict the use of water, soil and cause threats to fauna and flora. This study aimed to characterize these areas as to the content of Cd, Pb, Ni and Zn metals in the tailings and waste resulting from coal mining and to survey the species of ferns and lycophytes present. Wastes and tailing samples and specimens of ferns and lycophytes were collected in 23 landfills in six municipalities in the region and in four underlying areas used as controls. Chemical and physical analyses (pH in water and pH in KCl, Ca, Mg, P, K, Na, Mn, Fe, Al, clay and OM contents) were carried out and the total contents of heavy metals Cd, Pb were determined, Ni and Zn. Sampling of ferns and lycophytes was carried out by walking. The levels of heavy metals, Cd, Ni and Zn were below the prevention concentrations established by CONAMA Resolution 420/2009. Pb levels were above prevention values in four landfills. Sixteen species of ferns and one lycophyte were found, with hemicryptophytes the most frequent and helophytes the most adapted to the environment. Of the species found, Pteridium esculentum (G. Forst.) Cockayne, Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) Link and Telmatoblechnum serrulatum (Rich.) Perrie, DJ Ohlsen & Brownsey demonstrated resistance to degraded and contaminated environments with Pb, which may constitute an alternative for projects monitoring and environmental recovery.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.