Identificar la asociación entre obesidad gestacional y desenlaces perinatales adversos en una población del nororiente colombiano.Pacientes y Método: Estudio multicéntrico transversal con relación prospectiva de datos. Se seleccionaron pacientes que consultaron y finalizaron su embarazo en la Clínica Materno Infantil San Luis y el Hospital Universitario de Santander entre Enero-2019 y Marzo-2020. Se clasificó el estado nutricional según la curva de Rosso-Mardones y se incluyeron gestantes obesas y normales. El desenlace primario fue: prematurez, y los secundarios: restricción del crecimiento intrauterino, grande para la edad gestacional e hipoglucemia neonatal transitoria. Se realizó el análisis por subgrupo de gestantes sin comorbilidades. Se estimó la fuerza de asociación mediante regresión binomial (RR) y su intervalo de confianza del 95%, ajustado por la edad materna como variable de confusión según un modelo contrafactual. Se consideró significancia estadística una p < 0,05.Resultados: Fueron incluidas 283 gestantes obesas y 276 con estado nutricional normal. Se encontró asociación entre obesidad gestacional y el nacimiento pretérmino (RR 2,5; IC95% 1,4- 4,2), hipoglucemia neonatal transitoria (RR 7,1; IC95% 2,1-23,7) y grande para la edad gestacional (RR 6,6; IC95% 3,3-13,1). Hallazgos similares se encontraron en gestantes sin trastorno hipertensivo asociado al embarazo, ni diabetes.Conclusiones: La obesidad gestacional se asocia con la prematurez, recién nacido grande para la edad gestacional e hipoglucemia neonatal transitoria, incluso en aquellas gestantes que no cursan con trastorno hipertensivo asociado al embarazo o diabetes.
Introduction: Prematurity causes great morbidity and mortality in childhood, which is why the identification and prevention of risk factors is essential. Objective: To identify the association of non-infectious risk factors with prematurity in two reference centers in northeastern Colombia. Patients and Methods: Multicenter prospective cohort study carried out between January 2019 and March 2020. A non-probabilistic convenience sampling was carried out in pregnant women with a single pregnancy, greater than 20 weeks who were then followed up monthly until the moment of birth. Preterm birth was considered as an outcome variable, after the normality analysis, based on Shapiro-Wilk Test; Chi2 or Fisher tests were performed for qualitative variables, and t-test or Wilcoxon test for quantitative variables, p <0.05 was considered significant and OR was calculated by regression logistics. Results: 559 pregnant women were studied, with 63 preterm births. An association was found between prematurity and gestational obesity (OR 2.71; 95% CI 1.52-4.81), hypertensive disorder associated with pregnancy (OR 3.88; 95% CI 2.18-6.90), premature rupture of membranes (OR 3.86 95% CI 1.60-9.29) and previous preterm labor in the current pregnancy (OR 17.39 95% CI 9.57-31.51). Conclusions: Prematurity is significantly associated with gestational obesity, pregnancy-associated hypertensive disorder, premature rupture of membranes, and previous preterm labor in current pregnancy. Further studies would be needed to support these findings.
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