Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health problem with an estimated 422 million cases worldwide. Previous studies reported a correlation between hyperglycemia and oxidative stress-related male infertility in DM. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) can cause DNA damage due to oxidative reactions. Therefore, it could be used as potential indicator of antioxidant therapy. The study aimed to evaluate the expression level of GPx on the hyperglycemia-induced rats. This was an experimental case-control study using 27 Wistar rats divided into three groups i.e. hyperglycemia induction for four weeks group, eight weeks group, and a control group with no intervention. Following after induction, total RNA from the rats' testis was extracted, and GPx expression was analyzed using qPCR. Data were analyzed using SPSS, and a p <0.05 was considered significant. The study showed a significantly higher GPx mRNA expression level after hyperglycemia induction in both 4 and 8 weeks groups (16.93 ± 3.32 and 17.62 ± 3.42) compared to control group (9.94 ± 2.91) (p< 0.05). However, no significantly different between the 4 weeks group and 8 weeks group was observed (p >0.05). In conclusion, hyperglycemia increases GPx mRNA expression in rats. It may change the testicular environment's oxidative processes and impairs male reproductive function in the Sertoli cells with no exception.
BACKGROUND: Advances in urology have significantly reduced the indications for open surgery to treat staghorn kidney stones. Nevertheless, according to our experience, open surgery is still the preferred treatment for rare cases of the ectopic pelvic kidney.
CASE PRESENTATION: A 49-year-old man complained about pain in the lower umbilical region for five months. The pain drastically changed into a sharp pain two months before. The vital sign is normal; on physical examination, the palpation of the suprapubic area elicits pain when pressed, no mass is detected. The abdominal computed tomography without contrast showed a right ectopic kidney located anteriorly of the fifth lumbar to the second sacrum. There was also mild hydronephrosis (grade I) and staghorn stones measuring 4 cm x 2.3 cm. The stone was surgically treated with open pyelolithotomy through a midline infra umbilical incision. The patient was discharged five days postoperatively without distinct complications.
CONCLUSION: Open surgery can represent a valid alternative in the treatment of kidney stones of very selected cases, including anomalous kidneys, in a setting where resources are limited.
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