Utilizing Quadcopter were still many obstacles such as; plane easy to fall; the battery is not durable; vulnerable to weather conditions and others. The research and development has grown to improve aircraft facilities and capabilities. Many parameters related to aircraft lift capability factors; fly long; flying high; type of motor; the type of propeller: including the sensors and control systems used. This study was to find the relationship between changes in the BLDC motor voltage source to the rotor angle velocity <em>(ω)</em>; rotor speed to rotor lift <em>(Ft)</em>; wind speed to rotor lift; push the following rotor <em>(Ct)</em>. Empirical testing was conducted in the laboratory to find the relationship of these parameters. The results data show that; the lift power generated with rotational speed was not proportional, non linearity occurs when the rotor was released from the self and starts pulling the strain gauge when the rotation speed reaches around 65 <em>rps</em>. Once the rotation speed of the rotor is able to reach up to 1.5 Newton lift then the thrust rising trend sharply<strong> </strong>increasing <strong>to</strong>increasing <strong>of </strong>the rotor speed. A motor hade 1200 <em>KV</em> and blade with a radius of 0.12 <em>m</em>, then obtained thrust <em>(Ct)</em> of 1.732.
Most of the street lightings condition in the area has not use electrical measuring instrument yet, so electricity bill calculated for every lamp, although those lamps are dead or malfunctions. Saving energy consumption on street lighting is not only helping government on energy management but also reducing local government budget for the street lighting electricity bill. This paper aims to analyze challenges faced on street lighting management in order to reduce energy consumption with a case study on Padang Pariaman Regency. This study has been done on data especially electricity bills and also the conditions of street lighting based on field observation held in 2015. The main problem found is unmetered street lighting bill scheme and inappropriate tariff. The solution needed is to install power meter on unmetered street lighting that could reduce unmetered street lighting energy bill. The second solution is replacing conventional lamp technology with new-efficient lamp technology, which one LEDs. From the result of this study, using electrical measuring instrument can save about 542.2 kWh and Rp 795,599.22 monthly for G.10 Tigo Jorong, about 383.4 kWh and Rp 562,555.15 monthly for G.23 Kampung Tangah Koto Hilalang. Compared SON 70 Watt lamp, using LEDs 30 Watt can save about 518.4 kWh or 57.14 %. And for the electricity bill, by using LEDs we can save about Rp. 836,936.52, %. ABSTRAKKondisi PJU sebagian besar daerah belum menggunakan alat pencatat pembatas listrik dimana tagihan rekeningnya dihitung per titik lampu sesuai dengan jenis lampu yang dipasang walaupun lampu tersebut dalam keadaan mati atau tidak berfungsi sama sekali. Penghematan energi pada penerangan jalan umum tidak hanya membantu pemerintah dalam pengelolaan energi namun juga menghemat anggaran pemerintah daerah untuk tagihan listrik PJU. Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis permasalahan dalam pengelolaan penerangan jalan umum dalam menghemat pemakaian energi dengan studi kasus di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Studi dilakukan dengan data berupa kondisi PJU yang belum dipasang APP berdasarkan data hasil pendataan pada tahun 2015. Permasalahan utama yang ditemukan adalah sistem tagihan PJU dan penggunaan tarif yang tidak sesuai. Solusi yang perlu dilakukan adalah meterisasi PJU yang berpotensi menurunkan tagihan listrik PJU. Solusi kedua adalah penggantian lampu PJU konvensional dengan lampu efisiensi tinggi, dalam hal ini lampu LED. Dari hasil penelitian ini, melakukan pemasangan APP terdapat penghematan sebesar 542.2 kWH dan Rp 795,599.22 tiap bulannya pada gardu G.10 Tigo Jorong, dan dapat dilakukan penghematan sebesar 383.4 kWH dan Rp 562,555.15 tiap bulannya pada gardu G.23 Kampung Tangah Koto Hilalang. Dibandingkan lampu SON 70 Watt, pemakaian lampu LED 30 W lebih hemat sebesar 518,4 kWH per bulan dengan persentase 57.14 %. Sedangkan dari segi tagihan listrik, pemakaian lampu LED terdapat potensi penghematan biaya sebesar Rp. 836,936.52, -atau 54.47 %. Kata kunci: PJU, PJU non meterisasi, penghematan energi PJU.
The data logger was developed to evaluate potential area of solar panel. Current sensor and voltage sensor were integrated on data logger board to measure parameter that affected toward efficiency of PV system. The obtained Calculation power will be used for assessment and evaluation during collecting data. But, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method will provide an efficient data of peak power. The benefit of using data logger is the ability to automatically collecting data on several period. The data can be plotted into V-I graph and P-V graph for analysis. The test bench result was recorded that the maximum power reaches 35W. This data logger with MPPT method can be used as portable recorder to compare the power in different area.
The Power distribution in a 3-phase system, cannot be separated from the flow of current in the neutral of the transformer, which will cause power losses (losses) where current flows into the neutral conductor and losses that flow into the neutral conductor. This study was conducted to determine the causes and magnitude of power losses that occur due to the occurrence of neutral current flowing in the neutral conductor in a 160kVA distribution transformer. The research location taken is the Distribution Transformer (G187 T) which is located on Jl. Hos Cokroaminoto Wisma Ombilin where load imbalances often occur. From the results, it can be seen that if the neutral wire has a cross-sectional size of 50 mm2, the current that passes through the neutral wire is 6.4% for the day and for the cross-sectional size of the wire is 70 mm2, it can reduce the power flowing to the neutral by a percentage of 4.77%. for the daytime. Efficiency value that occurs is greater at night that is 94.87% while for the day it is 93.44%. For the distribution of each - each phase, especially the S phase, so that it can be balanced because the power supplied to the S phase is too small. We recommend that the current flowing in the neutral wire must be channeled to the ground so that the current flowing in the neutral wire becomes zero.
In the rapid development of the world as it is today, the electricity has a very important role in supporting people activities. PT PLN (Persero), which in this case as Government State Owned Company that directly manage the provision of electrical energy is required to be ready to face the development of electricity demand in Indonesia. In distribution system of electricity, problems often occure because of the length of line distribution system which cause voltage drop, technical losses, power losses, etc. One of them happened to PT PLN (Persero) Rayon Muaralabuh. Where the distance between the main substation (GI Solok) with the first connecting substation is ±110 KMS. This distance cause 9.62 % voltage drop during peak load. This nominal of voltage drop happens for just the first connecting substation that will be the source of division for all working areas of PT PLN (Persero) Rayon Muaralabuh. This factor encourages PT PLN (Persero) West Sumatra Area Solok to agree if Independent Power Plant (IPP) takes part in generating electricity, which will be distribute to PT. PLN (Persero) West Sumatera Area Solok Rayon Muaralabuh through interconnection system. The simulation of power flow using Etap 12.6.0 is used to analyze the stability of 20 kV system voltage at PT PLN (Persero) Rayon Muaralabuh before and after interconnection. Based on the result of simulation and Etap calculation, the highest voltage drop before interconnection by IPP is on Feeder express LubukGadang which is 13,71 %. After the interconnection by IPP, the voltage drop on that feeder becomes 4,326%, and the highest voltage drop is 4,855 %. Therefore, the voltage drop after the interconnection by the IPP already meets the standards allowed by SPLN No. 72 of 1987 which is maximum 5 % voltage drop. The precentage of technical losses in PT PLN (Persero) Rayon Muaralabuh before interconnection is 13,074 %, and after interconnection is decreased to 8,306 %.
Saluran transmisi merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dalam penyaluran energi listrik ke konsumen. Saluran yang memiliki tegangan tinggi ini bertujuan untuk memperkecil rugi-rugi daya (losses), tetapi dengan tingginya tegangan akan menimbulkan permasalahan baru yaitu timbulnya korona yang akan menyebabkan timbulnya losses, noise, interferensi terhadap saluran komunikasi. Rugi-rugi korona dipengaruhi oleh jari-jari kawat, jarak antar kawat, keadaan permukaan kawat dan pengaruh temperatur atau cuaca. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melihat pengaruh cuaca terhadap losses dan penurunan effisiensi yang diakibatkan oleh korona pada Saluran Udara Tegangan Tinggi (SUTT) 150 kV pada GI Payakumbuh -GI Koto Panjang dengan panjang saluran 84,84 km. Hasil penelitian pada cuaca baik losses akibat korona tertinggi pada suhu maksimum sebesar 755,92 kW dan terendah pada suhu udara minimum sebesar 702,47 kW. Sedangkan effisiensi tertinggi terjadi pada suhu minimum sebesar 96,89%. terendah terjadi pada suhu maksimum sebesar 96,62 %. Dengan adanya penurunan effisiensi maka losses yang terjadi mencapai 3,38 % .Pada cuaca buruk losses yang disebabkan oleh korona tertinggi pada suhu maksimum sebesar 262,15 kW. Dengan adanya penurunan effisiensi maka losses yang terjadi akibat korona mencapai 1,02 % , yang masih dalam keadaan stabil dimana belum melebihi Standar SPLN No.72 Tahun 1987 yakni sebesar 5%, namun untuk meminimalisir losses dapat dilakukan dengan memperkecil nilai tahanan kawat atau menambah jumlah kawat per-phasa.
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