One of the critical design parameters used in evaluating soil structure is the friction angle, derived from Mohr's Circle failure criterion. The soil friction angle is an engineering parameter estimated in the laboratory to quantify the soil shear strength in geotechnical applications. This paper indicates an experimental study investigating the impact of particle size on different sandy soils shear strength behavior. The direct shear test equipment is useful for simulating various stress regimes to determine the soil strength by employing a slow moving lateral force to a consolidated sample along a shear plane. A series of direct shear tests were conducted to investigate the interface behavior of soil. Soil samples were selected from different locations in New Mexico, United States. The influence of soil particle size on the soil's shear strength behavior is discussed by performing a series of symmetric direct shear tests according to ASTM D3080 and analyzing the results. To minimize errors, electronic transducers were used to measure vertical and horizontal displacements. DS7 is geotechnical testing software controlling the test by utilizing a data logger. The investigation indicates that the maximum vertical deformation for all different kinds of sandy soils accrued simultaneously. It was concluded that a soil's friction angle is affected by coarse-grained material. Accordingly, sandy soils with bigger particle size record a higher friction angle than soils containing small particles. Furthermore, a non-linear regression analysis was performed to determine the direct relationship between soil's friction angle and soil particle characteristics.
Electrical resistivity is a non-destructive, cost-effective and sensitive method to evaluate soil's physical and chemical properties. Electrical resistivity has been used widely in surface and subsurface exploration. The electrical resistivity is directly related to the subsurface geotechnical and geothermal properties like porosity, temperature, salinity and water content. Recently uses of waste material as an additive to improve the soil engineering properties are growing because of their costeffectiveness. Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) is a waste material of the cement manufacturing process. CKD is widely used as an additive material in ground improvement to improve soil's geotechnical properties. This study is mainly focused on the effect of CKD on the electrical resistivity properties of the soil. In this study, the electrical resistivity of a natural soil slope treated with CKD and a test model in the laboratory was investigated. Besides, the effects of CKD on soil pH and electrical resistivity were studied by performing a series of tests to predict the soil's corrosivity potential. The soil was treated with 0, 5, 10 and 15% of CKD and the electrical resistivity of the soil was measured at different water contents, porosities and curing times. The results indicate that the soil's electrical resistivity increases by increasing the CKD content and curing time. Additionally, an increase in water content or porosity decreases the electrical resistivity of CKD treated soil. Furthermore, the electrical resistivity measurement is a practical method to determine the stabilized soil's geotechnical and geomechanical properties.
Nowadays, the dimension stone industry performs a crucial role in the world economy. Accordingly, dimension stone quarries’ importance grows due to their different applications in various construction, building, and decorative industries. Some issues threaten this industry and provide a financial risk that should be taken into account to make the smallest possible risk for investment. The presence of discontinuities in the rock mass has a key function as far as it concerns the overall quality of in situ rock blocks. It impacts the feasibility of dimension stone quarries and overall mine exploitation efficiency. Therefore, it is recommended to survey discontinuities and rock blocks and estimate the average geometry of a rock block, including the shape and size, before mining the benches to maximize mining exploitation efficiency and minimize waste ore production. This investigation aims to survey the discontinuities of the limestone quarry mine located in Josheghan, Iran, to determine and calculate rock blocks’ suitable geometry and an extraction’s direction for active mine benches. For this purpose, the scanline method was applied to survey discontinuities in seven active benches. 3DEC software was used to indicate discontinuities and model the rock blocks for all active benches. It was concluded that the benches’ cutting line make a 13.14 degree with the discontinuities main’s direction. The result of this study proved that by changing the direction of mining and extraction for active mine benches, the unnecessary waste production would decrease. The production rate with the recommended extraction direction will increase by about 1.13% compared to the current extraction direction, which makes 13.14 degrees with the discontinuities main’s direction. Currently, bench seven recorded the minimum production rate, which is 97.60; by applying the new extraction’s direction, it is predicted that this bench will achieve a 99.83 production rate. Consequently, it is concluded by improving the production rate, exploitation efficiency would increase considerably.
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