Objective: To determine overweight and obesity prevalence in preschool children from public education, and to determine their relation to food consumption. Method: Cross-sectional study with children aged between 2 and 5 years, of both sexes, enrolled at municipal day care centers. Socioeconomic, demographic and anthropometric data were collected, in order to calculate the body mass index (BMI) for age. Data on food consumption were assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. χ 2 test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation were used at a significance level of 5%. Results: Of 548 children, 52% were male, with mean age of 4.2 years old. Most families had incomes between 1 and 2 minimum wages (59.7%), in addition to 10 years (mothers) of education. Anthropometric parameters did not differ significantly between sexes. According to the BMI-for-age, it was found that most of children were well-nourished (85.2%), 8.2% had the risk of becoming overweight, and 4.2% were overweight. The most consumed foods were: rice (100%), beans (99.4%), bread (98.5%), fruit (98.5%), red meat (97.1%), butter and margarine (95.4%), biscuits, cakes and sweet pies (94.1%), dairy products (94.1%), chocolate milk (91.7%), and soft drinks (90.2%). Consumed foods that were strongly correlated (r > 0.7) to the risk of/excess weight were, as follows: bread; biscuits, cakes, sweet pies; dairy products; chocolate milk; sausages. Conclusion: There was low prevalence of overweight and absence of obesity among the population assessed. The risk of overweight was greater among girls. Data from the study showed deviations in food consumption.
Los ansiolíticos son fármacos que actúan sobre el sistema nervioso central produciendo cambios en el comportamiento, el estado de ánimo y la cognición. La prevalencia del uso de estas drogas entre los jóvenes ha aumentado cada vez más y esto se refleja en el ámbito universitario, donde el uso de estas sustancias está muy extendido. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar la prevalencia del consumo de ansiolíticos en estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Teresina-PI y su relación con el estado nutricional. Se trata de estudio transversal con 665 estudiantes universitarios, que implicó completar un cuestionario para identificar el uso de ansiolíticos y hacer medidas antropométricas de peso y talla para clasificar el estado nutricional mediante el índice de masa corporal. Las asociaciones entre variables se realizaron mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado (p <0,05). El uso de ansiolíticos fue reportado por el 8,4% de los estudiantes, la mayoría mujeres, y el 76,7% lo hizo con recomendación médico. Los fármacos más utilizados fueron diazepam (51,8%) y clonazepam (12,5%). En relación al estado nutricional, 81,8% estaban eutróficos. La prevalencia del consumo de ansiolíticos entre los estudiantes universitarios fue alta. Sin embargo, no hubo asociación entre su uso y el estado nutricional, lo que sugiere que estos medicamentos no parecen interferir con el estado nutricional.
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