It is an important challenge to reduce the power consumption and size of lasers, but progress was so far held back by quantum noise overwhelming the coherent radiation at reduced power levels. Thus, despite considerable progress on microscale and nanoscale lasers, such as photonic crystal lasers, metallic lasers, and plasmonic lasers, the coherence length is very limited. Here, we show that a bound state in the continuum based on Fano interference can effectively quench quantum fluctuations. Although fragile in nature, this unusual state redistributes photons such that the effect of spontaneous emission is suppressed.Based on this concept, we experimentally demonstrate a microscopic laser with a linewidth that is more than 20 times smaller than existing microscopic lasers and show that several orders of magnitude further reduction is feasible. These findings pave the way for numerous applications of microscopic lasers and point to new opportunities beyond photonics. many different realizations [25], including the use of heterogeneous [8] or hybrid [52] integration, as well as structures with smaller footprint [13], [53].
Methods
Theoretical model of the Fano BIC laserDetails are provided in the Supplementary Information, sections A.1 to A.3.
Design and fabrication of the photonic crystal buried heterostructure Fano BIC laserDetails are provided in the Supplementary Information, sections B and C.1.
Experimental setup and self-homodyne technique for laser linewidth measurementsDetails are provided in the Supplementary Information, sections C.2.
We propose a photodetector (PD) based on the internal photoemission effect over a Schottky barrier on a CMOS-compatible Si microring resonator for 1.55 μm. To analyze the device, we model the microring waveguide partially covered by a metal/silicide nanolayer, using the Z-transform method. The proposed structure benefits from the resonant-cavity-enhanced (RCE) waveguide PDs enjoying high efficiency and wavelength selectivity. Simulations show that the maximum value of the bandwidth-efficiency product for the proposed structure is in the order of 10 GHz, which is much higher than those reported for other RCE-based PDs.
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We design and numerically analyze low polarization sensitive bulk-SOA in the O-band suitable for co-integration with passive waveguides/circuits. Low polarization dependent gain (<1.5dB) is achieved with 20dB average gain and 11dBm output saturation power.
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