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Background:The effects of contraception on Trichomonas vaginalis have important implications for women who suffer from infections associated with disruptions in the vaginal ecology, such as bacterial vaginitis and urinary tract infections. Objective: To find the association of the common types of contraceptions with the Trichomonasvaginalis infection in women admitted to the Al-BatoolTeaching Hospital for Maternity and Children in Baqubah city. Type of study: Cross-sectional study Methods: This study consist of 75 women with contraception use and71 apparently healthy non contraception user women  admitted to outpatient in Al-Batool Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Children in Baqubah City, Diyala. Iraq during the period from 1st January 2016 till 31th December  2016. After full history and clinical examination, high vaginal swab took from posterior fornix of vagina and general urine examination, all samples were examined by wet mount preparation under the microscope for the presence of Trichomonas vaginalis and gram-stained smears for the presence of Candida albicans, then all results were recorded. Results:. Minimum age was 18 year and maximum was 47 year, infection rate of Trichomonas vaginalis  was 41(45.66%) among contraception user and 6(8.45%) among contraception non- user while Candida albicans was 18(24%) and 1(1.40%) respectively, the highest frequency of infection  23 cases was diagnosed in the age group (29-39 year) among contraception user while 4 cases in age group (18-28) contraception non-user. On the other hand there was no significant correlation between age, parity, duration of marriage and infection and using of contraception. Marginal significant correlation between the type of contraception and infection with Trichomonas vaginalis.  While no significant correlation between types of contraception, infection and duration of contraception use.  Conclusion: Infection with Trichomonas vaginalis significantly correlated to use of intrauterine contraceptive device and combined oral contraceptive pills, so great attention should be paid to those women for diagnosis and treatment.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hospitalization in infants worldwide, genotypes responsible of disease severity and host immune responses. This study aims to determine the infection rate of respiratory syncytial virus in children with respiratory tract infection and identify the genotyping among the study population. Cross sectional study which enrolled 150 infants with acute respiratory tract infection, males 81(54%) and females 69(46%) aged under five years old, who was admitted to Al-Imamin Al-Kadhimin Medical City and Pediatrics Protection Hospital in Baghdad during the period from December 2017 till April 2018. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from each participant and stored as frozen at -70 °C until to use for RNA extraction and convention polymerase chain reaction to detect of respiratory syncytial virus in the study population. According to result of this study out of all these samples, 26 samples were positive for RSV(17.33%). The infection rate of RSV is more common in males 17(65.39%), than females 9(34.61%) and in children ≤ one year (46.15%) also high frequency were noticed among patients live in an urban area (73.08%) and winter 20 (76.92%) than spring 6 (23.08%). According to different clinical feature, fever, cough, and wheezing were more common than other sign. The sequence conducted for all RSV- positive isolates, 11 respiratory syncytial virus positive isolates was in genotype B and 1 in genotype A. The sequence of RSV B the local isolates were closed to Argentina isolation and Tailwind isolate while in genotype A isolates were closed to isolates from different regions (Saudi Arabia, German, India isolation). The conclusion of this study revealed that respiratory syncytial virus B infections were more frequent than RSV A among children with acute respiratory tract infection.

Background: Use of oral contraception has been associated with an increased abnormalities of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism as well as hemostatic variables at baseline (increased plasma levels of factor VII, factor X, fibrinogen and of D-dimers).Objectives: To evaluate the effect of oral contraceptive pills (combined pills) on coagulation tests,prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and fibrinogen level.Patients and methods: This is a descriptive cross sectional study which was conducted in fertility control clinic in Al-Batool Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Children in Baqubah city, during the period from December 2015 to October 2016. Eighty eight women were enrolled in this study according to inclusion criteria, 63 women were use contraceptive pills(study group) and other 25 females not taken these pills (control group), prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen level measured by using the coagulometer instrument.Results: The mean age was 29.89 and 30.89 years for all participants (subject and control) it was (range 20-45). The results of cases revealed that PT= 12.89 seconds, APTT= 30.45 seconds, and fibrinogen level= 2.18 g/l while the results of control group revealed that PT= 11.92 seconds, APTT= 29.85 seconds and fibrinogen level= 2.24 g/l. Overall no significant variations were noticed in these parameters with P value > 0.05 also no significant changes were noticed between age groups, duration of oral contraceptives and some clinical parameters.Conclusion: Effect of combined oral contraceptives use on prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen levels are minor compared with control group.   تأثير وسائل منع الحمل عن طريق الفم على عوامل التخثر في النساء المتواجدات  في عيادة تنظيم الأسرة في مدينة بعقوبة, العراق أ.م.د سوسن طالب سلمان أ.م.د اريج عطية حسين م.د. رغد كامل سعدي                                         الخلاصة: الخلفيةالدراسة: يرتبط استخدام وسائل منع الحمل عن طريق الفم مع زيادة نسبة الدهون في الدم والتمثيل الغذائي للكربوهيدرات وكذلك عوامل التخثر  بما في ذلك زيادة مستويات العامل السابع في البلازما، عامل X، الفيبرينوجين و D-dimer الهدف من الدراسة: لتقييم تأثير حبوب منع الحمل عن طريق الفم على عوامل التخثروهي وقت البروثرومبين، تنشيط وقت ثرومبوبلاستين الجزئي، ومستوى الفيبرينوجين. المرضى وطرق العمل: دراسة وصفية مقطعية أجريت في عيادة تنظيم الأسرة في مستشفى البتول التعليمي للأمومة والطفولة في مدينة بعقوبة، خلال الفترة من كانون الاول 2015 إلى تشرين الاول 2016. تم اختيار ثمان وثمانون امرأةكمتطوعين وفقا إلى معاييرالاشتراك بالبحث، اخذت عينات الدم من 63 امرأة كانت تستخدم حبوب منع الحمل و 25 أنثى أخرى لم تأخذ موانع الحمل ، وتم اختيارها واعتبارها السيطرة في فئة عمرية معينة. وقت البروثرومبين ، تنشيط وقت ثرومبوبلاستين الجزئي ومستوى الفيبرينوجين قيست  باستخدام أداة كواغلوميتتر. النتائج: كان متوسط العمر 29.89 و 30.89 سنة لجميع المشاركين (مستخدمي موانع الحمل والسيطرة) كان (المدى 20-48). اظهرت نتائج الحالات ان وقت البروثرومبين(PT) = 12.89 ثانية، تنشيط وقت ثرومبوبلاستين الجزئي(APTT) = 30.45 ثانية، ومستوى الفيبرينوجين = 2.18 جم / لتر في حين كشفت نتائج مجموعة السيطرة ان PT = 11.92 ثانية، APTT = 29.85 ثانية ومستوى الفيبرينوجين = 2.24 جم / لتر. وبشكل عام لم تلاحظ أي اختلافات معنوية في هذه المعاملات مع قيمة P> 0.05كما لم تلاحظ أي تغيرات معنوية بين الفئات العمرية ومدة وسائل منع الحمل الفموية وبعض المتغيرات السريرية في حين لاحظ فرق كبير مع مؤشر كتلة الجسم. الاستنتاج: تأثير وسائل منع الحمل عن طريق الفم على مستويات وقتالبروثرومبين،تنشيطوقتثرومبوبلاستينالجزئي،ومستوىالفيبرينوجين كانت طفيفة مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة. الكلمات المفتاحية: وسائل منع الحمل عن طريق الفم، هرمون الاستروجين، بروجيستاجين، تجلط الدم، تخثر الدم

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Background: Viral infection in pregnancy is known to cause many problems such as fetal malformation; growth restriction and even fetal death; the relationship between viral infection and abortions is not well understood. The infection during pregnancy can affect the fetus due to lack of mother's immunity. Objective: To assess the frequency of human parvovirus B19-specific antibody type IgM and IgG among pregnant women with spontaneous abortion. Patients and Methods: A semi-quantitative enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique was applied for detection of anti-human parvovirus B19 IgM (Ridascreen-K6031-Germany) and IgG (Ridascreen -K6021-Germany) in sera of 90 pregnant women who have previously experienced abortion were collected from Al-Batool teaching hospital for maternity and children in Baquba-Diyala province, Iraq, during the period from October 2014 till May 2015. The age was ranged from 18-40 years. Statistical analysis was performed by using statistical package of social sciences, version-16, and P-value of < 0.05 as significant difference.Results: Among study group the mean age was 26.57 years, with an age range 18-40 years. Seropositivity rate was 11.11% (10 cases) for an individual occurrence of human parvovirus B19 IgM alone and 13.33% (12 cases) for a similar individual rate of human parvovirus B19 IgG, while 6 cases (6.66%) had both types of antibodies. Multiple variables regarding occurrence of anti-human parvovirus B 19 specific IgM and IgG antibody simultaneously, was evaluated, and none the variables had significant difference. Conclusion:The fact that 31.11% of studied participants had specific Parvovirus B19 antibody revealed a high occurrence of primary acute parvovirus infection and non-immune against parvovirus B19. Considering the potential role of this virus in abortion and fetal death, it emphasizes the importance of Parvovirus infection in pregnant women also this finding is comparable with that in the other countries.

Background:Respiratory tract illness is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children, elderly and immunocompromised patients worldwide. Objective: To determine the infection rate of respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus among children with respiratory tract infection in Baghdad city. Patients and Methods: A cross sectional study was based on the processing of nasopharyngeal swabs from 150 children with acute respiratory tract infections, (81) males and (69)females; aged under five years old, who was admitted to Al-Imamin Al-Kadhimin Medical City and Pediatrics Protection Hospital in Baghdad during the period from December 2017 till April 2018. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from each participant and stored as frozen at -70 °C to use for RNA extraction and real time-polymerase chain reaction. Results: Out of all these samples, 54 samples were positive for respiratory syncytial virus (36%) and human metapneumovirus (1.33%). The infection rate of respiratory syncytial virus is more common in males (57.41%) than females and in children ≤ one year (37.04%) also high frequency were noticed among patients live in an urban area (72.22%) (50%) respectively and winter. According to different clinical feature, fever, cough, and wheezing were more common. Conclusion:The infection rate of respiratory syncytial virus was more than human metapneumovirus in children with respiratory tract infection using real time-PCR technique and the clinical manifestations were more common during respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus infection are cough, fever, wheezing.

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