The Soret and Dufour cross-diffusion on the electrokinetic flow of Jeffrey fluid augmented with peristalsis have been presented. The fundamental equations are employed to predict the mass distribution in the two-dimensional asymmetric electroosmotic channel. Reliable approximations such as low Peclet, low Reynolds, and large wavelength are utilized. The analytical solutions of the concentration, temperature, velocity, and stream function are obtained. To predict the effects of prominent parameters such as fluid parameter, electroosmotic parameter, Brinkman, Soret, and Schmidt number graphs are plotted. The phenomenon of trapping is also discussed to observe the behavior on streamlines. It is observed that the electroosmotic parameter enhances the temperature profile. With the increase in Jeffrey fluid parameter, the Nusselt number is decreased. Furthermore, the concentration is decreased with the elevation in Soret and Schmidt numbers. The current study can help reduce the conversion stages necessary for the integration of the low voltage output in an electrokinetic biomass process. K E Y W O R D S electrokinetic transport, Jeffrey fluid, mass transfer, peristaltic pumping
Background and Objectives: All medicine and healthcare undergraduates were encountered with terminations and delays of professional examinations. These alterations were on topmost of other tasks the COVID-19 pandemic carried out for instance not roaming, covered faces with masks and specifically segregation. This interruption of normal life was a major cause of mental health disaster and it is no surprise that medicine and healthcare undergraduate has had high rates of psychological effects including hopelessness, stress and suicidal thoughts. This study aimed to investigate the unmediated connection of anxiety and stress related mental health decline and suicide among medical and nonmedical undergraduates during the pandemic of covid-19. Methods: A multidiscipline online cross-sectional comparative study design was chosen for this study conducted from November 2020 to January 2021 with a pre-validated questionnaire to collect responses from sample size 1290. SPSS- 21 used for descriptive analysis of means, S.D, ANOVA and spearman’s correlations. Forward step-wise model of linear regression applies for true significant bivariate relationship (p<.001) Results: The result shows that all three cohorts were affected. Among the non-medical cohorts, B-Pharmacy students had the high level (p<.001) of anxiety with suicide ideation response (n=200; 39.2%), along with lowest level of envisions care (19.5%; p<.001) in pandemic. Control and independent variable had a strong negative effects on B-Pharmacy and medical students with p<.000. Conclusions: This study offered more data that the concerns, anxieties and uncertainties caused by pandemic COVID-19, don’t roll out alone but remain as long-lasting problems demanding ongoing attention. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5686 How to cite this:Ansari SK, Khan SY, Jabeen F, Riaz A, Cheema AH. Unmediated connection of mental health decline and suicide among medical and nonmedical undergraduates during the pandemic of COVID-19: A cross-sectional comparative study. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5686 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Objectives: To assess the predictive value of Wilkin’s score in determining theprocedural success of Percutaneous Transvenous Mitral Commissurotomy. Study Design:Cross sectional study. Setting: Catheterization Laboratory of Gulab Devi Chest Hospital, Lahore.Period: April 2016 to March 2017. Methods: All patients with valve area <1.5cm², pliable orborder line pliable valve were included in study. Patients who had LA thrombus, severe mitralregurgitation, severe valvular calcification were excluded from study. Patients were evaluatedclinically and echocardiographically 24 hours before and after procedure. Valve morphology wasassessed using 2D echocardiography. Wilkins’ score’s sensitivity and specificity and predictiveaccuracy at score >8 was also assessed. Mean was used to express quantitative data whilequalitative data was presented using frequency tables. One-sample kolomogorov smirnov testwas applied to see normality of data. Paired sample t-test was applied for normally distributedwhile Wilcoxon test for non-normally distributed data. Results: There were 26(23.6%) male and84(76.4%) female with mean age 32.30±11.40 years. Successful results of PTMC with MVA ≥1.5were obtained in 97 (88.2%) while it remained unsuccessful in 13 (11.8%) patients. Successfulresults with Wilkins score <8 were obtained in 22(95.6%) and unsuccessful in 1(4.3%) patient.While with Wilkin score ≥8, it remained successful in 75(86.2%) and unsuccessful in 12(13.7%)patients. Sensitivity and specificity of Wilkins score for the success of PTMC was 22.68% and92.31% respectively. Conclusion: The success of PTMC depends upon valve morphology.Wilkins score is the best determinant to predict the likelihood of success or failure of procedureand therefore should be used to select suitable patients prior to PTMC.
… Objectives: To assess the predictive value of Wilkin's score in determining the procedural success of Percutaneous Transvenous Mitral Commissurotomy. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Catheterization Laboratory of Gulab Devi Chest Hospital, Lahore. Period: April 2016 to March 2017. Methods: All patients with valve area <1.5cm², pliable or border line pliable valve were included in study. Patients who had LA thrombus, severe mitral regurgitation, severe valvular calcification were excluded from study. Patients were evaluated clinically and echocardiographically 24 hours before and after procedure. Valve morphology was assessed using 2D echocardiography. Wilkins' score's sensitivity and specificity and predictive accuracy at score >8 was also assessed. Mean was used to express quantitative data while qualitative data was presented using frequency tables. One-sample kolomogorov smirnov test was applied to see normality of data. Paired sample t-test was applied for normally distributed while Wilcoxon test for non-normally distributed data. Results: There were 26(23.6%) male and 84(76.4%) female with mean age 32.30±11.40 years. Successful results of PTMC with MVA ≥1.5 were obtained in 97 (88.2%) while it remained unsuccessful in 13 (11.8%) patients. Successful results with Wilkins score <8 were obtained in 22(95.6%) and unsuccessful in 1(4.3%) patient. While with Wilkin score ≥8, it remained successful in 75(86.2%) and unsuccessful in 12(13.7%) patients. Sensitivity and specificity of Wilkins score for the success of PTMC was 22.68% and 92.31% respectively. Conclusion: The success of PTMC depends upon valve morphology. Wilkins score is the best determinant to predict the likelihood of success or failure of procedure and therefore should be used to select suitable patients prior to PTMC.
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