Türkiye, Avrupa’nın yenilenebilir enerji potansiyeli yüksek devletleri arasında yer almasına ve enerji rezervleri açısından zengin olmasına rağmen, bu rezervleri tam kapasite ile kullanmayı sağlayacak bir teknoloji seviyesine ulaşamamıştır. Bu durum, sadece Türkiye açısından değil, dünya devletleri açısından da önem arz etmektedir. Dünyada özellikle de gelişmiş devletlerde temel bir enerji kaynağı olarak yenilenebilir enerji türleri üzerinde önemli çalışmalar yürütülmektedir. Bu gelişmiş devletlerden biri, rüzgâr enerjisi konusunda bilgi birikimine ve ileri teknolojiye sahip ülke olarak bilinen Danimarka’dır. Bu ülke, elektrik enerjisinin %48’ini 2020 yılı itibariyle rüzgâr enerjisinden elde etmektedir. 2050 yılında ise enerjisinin tamamını yenilenebilir enerjiden elde etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Türkiye’nin de rüzgâr enerjisi potansiyelinin yüksek olması nedeniyle, Danimarka ile iş birliği çerçevesinde kurulacak rüzgâr enerjisi santralleriyle elektrik tüketiminin önemli bir kısmını rüzgâr kaynağından karşılayan bir ülke olacağı öngörülebilir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin mevcut yenilenebilir enerji potansiyelinin önemine vurgu yapılarak, Danimarka’da rüzgâr enerjisi ile ilgili düzenlemelerin Türkiye’de de uygulanabilirliği incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda, yenilenebilir enerji sektöründe rüzgâr enerjisine ilişkin kuramsal bilgi birikiminin somutlaştırılması ve Danimarka örneğinin incelenmesi sonucu elde edilen verilerle Türkiye’de mevcut ve potansiyel durumlar için öngörüler oluşturulması hedeflenmiştir.
International Relations (IR) scholars generally focus on disputes on land when they study international affairs. However, disputes on the sea are also very common in IR, and the states try to establish global and regional hegemonies over the seas in their regions. In retrospect, in case of Turkey, maritime disputes have been important factors in Turkish foreign policy. The Turks will celebrate the centennial of the Republic in 2023, and maritime disputes have been an unchanging factor in Turkish foreign policy in this last 100 years, in relation to neighbors and great world powers. Therefore, one may stipulate that Turkey has been both an important sea power, and that maritime disputes have also shown a continuous recurrence in its foreign relations. Due to Turkey’s strategic location in between significant seaways like the Aegean Sea, Mediterranean, Black Sea and Turkish Straits, and between the continents of Europe, Asia and Africa, maritime disputes have always been on the agenda, as items of Turkish foreign policy. In this context, this paper analyses maritime disputes in Turkish foreign policy as a continuous element of Turkey’s relations with its neighbors and the rest of the world.
The oceans and seas cover 72% of the Earth’s surface, and 85% of global trade is done by maritime transportation. Moreover, 40% of the world’s population lives on or near coastlines. Also, the oceans play a crucial role in Earth’s biosphere. Recently, by desalination techniques, the seas have become a potable water resource. Therefore, one can say that the oceans and seas are indispensable for mankind. However, international disputes and collaboration efforts between states regarding the seas are not widely studied by scholars of International Relations (IR). This can be referred to as sea blindness, and it may be defined as an inability to appreciate the importance of seas and naval power, particularly with regards to strategic security and economic prosperity. A country with sea blindness is not aware of maritime supremacy as an important foreign policy tool. Similarly, IR scholars mostly focus on land conflicts and not on sea issues when they study international politics. This is particularly true in Turkish IR literature as issues on land are again the focus areas for Turkish scholars. In this context, this article makes an analysis of the articles in peer-reviewed journals and books published by well-known publishers in Turkey, providing statistics about the issues covered. Also, for comparison, major political science and IR journals published abroad are analysed with regards to publications related to the seas. This statistical analysis elucidates whether there is sea blindness in Turkish IR literature. The number of articles and books that cover the seas as crucial study areas of IR in Turkey, as well as their broad focus areas and perspectives, are revealed by this study.
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