Abstract:In this study, the relationship between environmental innovation and sustainability is analyzed in 168 handicraft businesses in the Mexican states of Oaxaca, Puebla, and Tlaxcala. The results show a direct, positive relationship between environmental innovation and sustainability in three dimensions: economic, social, and environmental. In terms of determination, the variables that best explain sustainability are: organization type, product innovation, and process innovation. The age of the handicraft businesses was not a significant factor in explaining sustainability. This study concludes that handicraft businesses make sustainable choices more as a result of a desire for profit maximization than as a result of environmental consciousness, as can be explained by neoclassical view of economics.
Socially responsible consumption benefits the environment, the consumer, and the producer. In Mexico, smallholder farmers are vulnerable, and the consumption of organic food products is low. Analysing the purchase intention of organic food products contributes towards generating the most appropriate marketing strategies. Previous models provide evidence that the attitude of the consumer is the biggest predictor of purchase intention. However, little is known about the results of the mediating effect of desire on said relationship. The objective of the study is to analyse the mediating effect of desire on the relationship between attitude and purchase intention. 204 consumers of organic food products were surveyed using a structured, self-administrated questionnaire or through face-to-face interviews, in established retail stores, alternative street markets, and via the web. It was found that when the benefits of organic food products to the consumer, environment, and smallholder farmers are evaluated favourably, then consumer desire is higher, and thus also purchase intention. Consumers have the highest purchase intention for organic food products when their desire to buy them to achieve a goal related with social, personal, and environmental benefits intervenes.
Se analizó la capacidad de adaptación de los pequeños productores rurales del estado de Oaxaca, México, frente al incremento creciente en la demanda de agave-mezcal. Estos productores se han caracterizado históricamente por utilizar técnicas tradicionales asociadas a la agricultura de subsistencia o de baja escala, por lo que recientemente plantean dudas sobre su posibilidad de articulación con el cambio en la demanda de agave para la destilación de mezcal. La investigación adoptó un diseño cualitativo con el empleo de la observación participante y de entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas en cinco regiones de Oaxaca durante el año 2019. Se exploraron y analizaron los efectos de los cambios en el mercado y las estrategias que frente a estos están implementando los pequeños productores. El enfoque analítico se basó en los factores de la resiliencia socio ecológica, a saber, amortiguación, auto organización, aprendizaje y adaptación. Los resultados muestran que contrario a lo esperado, los productores de agave están registrando cambios articulados con el incremento de la demanda mediante la combinación de saberes y prácticas tradicionales o con adaptaciones innovadoras; por ejemplo, la reactivación de superficies de siembra, la incursión en nuevos eslabones de la cadena de valor del agave-mezcal; nuevas formas de organización y de comunicación micro regionales, o contratos de arrendamiento bajo el régimen comunal de propiedad de la tierra. Los hallazgos indican la presencia de capacidades resilientes en la producción de agave que, podrían favorecer la transición del perfil de productores de subsistencia a un perfil orientado al mercado.
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