Background:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are common and under diagnosed medical conditions in India. Prevalence of these chronic diseases are high both in rural and urban areas. However, exact prevalence of DM in Indian COPD patients in unclear. Co-morbid conditions like DM have great impact on the outcome of COPD in the form of severity, exacerbations, morbidity and mortality. Hence the present study objective was to screen COPD patients for DM.Results:A total of 1662 patients with COPD (Males = 1264, Female = 398) with mean age 58 ± 9.6 were screened for DM. Patients with known history of DM were 353 (21.24%) and were enrolled as Known DM cases. Remaining 1309 (78.76%) patients whose DM status was unclear were screened by random blood sugar (RBS). One-hundred and seventy-one subjects had RBS > 110 mg/dl. About 73 (4.39%) subjects had fasting blood sugar (FBS) > 126 mg/dl. They were considered as Newly Diagnosed DM cases. Total number of DM cases in the study including new and known was 426 (25.63%). Number of patients with deranged FBS (FBS between 110 mg/dl to126 mg/dl) was 84 (5.05%). Among the DM patients with COPD 168 (10.11%) had poor glycemic control with HbA1c > 8. Prevalence of DM in present study was 25.63%.Conclusion:Prevalence of DM in COPD patients in the present study is 25.63% when actively screened in tertiary care hospital. It is feasible and imperative to screen all COPD patients for DM in all health care facilities routinely.

Background: Biomechanical changes during pregnancy impose postural deviations, leading to various musculoskeletal pain syndromes. Commonly noted are the pelvic girdle pain and low back pain which is experienced by pregnant women globally. The prevalence of pregnancy related pelvic girdle pain and low back pain in western population is known. Data of the same in Indian pregnant population lacks evidence. Objective: To study the prevalence of pattern of pregnancy related pelvic girdle pain and low back pain in a tertiary care centre. Methods: A total of 225 pregnant women were screened for inclusion criteria. Confirmation of diagnosis of pelvic girdle pain and low back pain was done using Modified Oswestry Disability Index questionnaire (MODI) and the pelvic girdle questionnaire (PGQ). Once diagnosed, all participants were subjected to nine clinical tests to differentiate the site of pain and to classify them accordingly into 3 different groups namely Group A (Low back pain LBP), Group B (Posterior pelvic pain PPP) and Group C (Anterior pelvic pain APP) respectively. Results: The point prevalence of pain in group A (LBP) was 31%, group B (PPP) was 65% and group C (APP) was 15% respectively. All subjects with mean age of 23 years and mean gestational age of 38 weeks showed to have PPP. 70% of them were primparous. However APP was more in subjects with 24.5 years of age. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of PPP (65%) is higher as compared to LBP (31%) and APP (15%). Also PPP is reported to be highest in primiparous with gestational age of 38 weeks.

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Objective: Women are potentially susceptible to complications during postpartum period which may affect their physical, mental and social wellbeing. It is essential to deliver appropriate postpartum care in immediate postpartum mothers to improve the general wellbeing. Postnatal exercises are administered in routine clinical practice for early mobility and postnatal recovery. The present study aimed to assess the effect of postnatal exercise on postpartum maternal physical, mental, social and general wellbeing in immediate postpartum women. Materials and methods:Setting-Tertiary care hospital; Subjects-33 immediate postpartum women with vaginal delivery were recruited after obtaining an informed consent and clearance from the institutional ethical committee; Treatmentpostnatal exercises namely aerobic exercises, general body strengthening exercises, and pelvic floor muscle exercises were given from 2nd to 4th day postpartum, twice per day each session lasting for 30 minutes each; Tool-the short-form (36) questionnaire was administered as an outcome measure; statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16. Results:The results showed statistically significant difference in quality of life according to the short form (36) scores on 4th day postintervention as compared to 2nd day preintervention with p < 0.001 in all domains. Conclusion:Postnatal exercises administered during immediate postpartum period helps improve the quality of life by improving physical, mental, social and general wellbeing.

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Background and objectives: About 70% of women suffer trauma with or without episiotomy to the perineum during vaginal delivery and this commonly causes pain and discomfort which may persist for months postpartum. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic ultrasound and cooling maternal gel pads for perineal pain following vaginal delivery. Materials and methods: After obtaining ethical clearance from Institutional Ethical Committee, 30 women who underwent vaginal delivery with episiotomy and complained of perineal pain were recruited and randomly allocated to control (n-15) and interventional group (n-15). A written informed consent was signed by all the participants. Physiotherapy intervention included therapeutic ultrasound, cooling maternal gel pad for experimental group and placebo therapeutic ultrasound for control group twice daily for a period of 3 days. Outcome measures included Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain measurement and REEDA (Redness, Edema, Ecchymoisis, Discharge, Approximation) scale for healing process, which were documented on 1 st day pre intervention and 3 rd day post intervention respectively. Results: The results showed statistically significant reduction in VAS and REEDA scores in experimental groups with p=0.02. Conclusion: Therapeutic ultrasound and maternal cooling gel pad proved to be effective in reducing perineal pain following vaginal delivery with episiotomy.

BACKGROUND: Balance is highly integrative dynamic process involving coordination of multiple neurological pathways that allows for the maintenance of the COG over BOS. Football players often perform lower extremity passing, shooting, twisting, cutting and dribbling skills while wearing shoes, these actions require body to be in the equilibrium position to perform the task. This leads to the conclusion of the great importance of the ability of balance in football. AIMS: 1. To study the effect of 4 week multidirectional balance board training on dynamic balance in football players. 2. To study the effect of 4 week Both Sides Up ball training on dynamic balance in football players. 3. To compare the effect of multidirectional balance board training program and BOSU ball training program on dynamic balance in football players. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized Clinical trial. METHODS: Total of 60 competitive badminton players with age group between18-25 were recruited in this study. The participants were allocated into 2 groups viz., Group A (multidirectional balance board training) and Group B (BOSU ball Training) for a period of 4 weeks. Participants were test for SEBT and vertical jump test on first day and after 4 weeks of balance training. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Student t test, Chi-Square Test. RESULTS: The data analysis and statistical inference showed that, after 4 weeks of balance training there was improvement in dynamic balance in both the groups but there was no significant difference in dynamic balance between two groups. As seen by difference in the SEBT and VJT scores pre and post training with p<0.001. CONCLUSION: 4 weeks balance training using BOSU and multidirectional balance board is effective in improving dynamic balance and vertical jump performance in football players and also can be used as a component of multifaceted training to improve dynamic balance and game skills.

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