Background: Polymeric nanomaterials with size ranging from 10 to 1000 nm are one of the most widely used types of nanoparticles with ideal properties in the drug delivery systems. Here, we decided to systematically review the antihypertensive effects of polymeric nanomaterials in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials. Methods: The present review was conducted based on the 06- PRISMA guideline; whereas five English databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar without time limitation were used for searching the publications related to antihypertensive effects of natural and synthetic polymeric nanoparticles. Results: The results demonstrated that among 1701 papers, 25 papers including 11 in vitro (44%), 6 in vivo (24%), 7 in vitro / in vivo (28%), and 1 in vitro / ex vivo (4%) up to 2020, met the inclusion criteria for discussion in this systematic review. The most used nanoparticles poly-(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticle (PLGANPs) (7, 29.2%), chitosan based nanoparticles (6, 25%), followed by polylactide acid nanoparticles (5, 20.8%). Conclusion: We concluded that the high potency of polymeric nanoparticles in the drug delivery system for hypertension treatment. Although the accurate mechanisms are not fully understood; however, some mechanisms such as sustained release forms with increased bioavailability, increasing oral bioavailability and improve the oral and non-oral absorption, counteracting excessive superoxide and decreasing blood pressure, etc can be related these nanoparticles.
Art, depending on its properties, has an expressive language and if a concept accompanies it, or being said in an artistic language, it would be eternal, too. A review of the literature shows that the artworks, directly or indirectly, reflect the philosophy and idea of the artist, by which he has created the work. Thus any art piece has a negative or positive message to his audience and would affect him in one of these two trends. The Educational outcomes of these two approaches, has a long term and strange effect on the audience. The Article in addition of analyzing these approaches in photos of the Bam earthquake, analyses the orientation of artworks being produced after that and its impact on the audience. The research results show that the art can have wide conceptual effects on the audience. The analyzed samples indicate that some of the images emphasizing the positive implications from devastations of the earthquake, associations hope and mobility to audience. On the other hand, some of the images by showing negative concepts associate despair and hopelessness. The dual and also significant impact of art works shows that during the natural disasters and damages, we can use it as a factor in improving the situation and helping injured victims.
Most studies have shown the positive effects of lavender inhalation in decreasing anxiety in patients with cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to systematically review the role of aromatherapy with lavender in these patients. By PRISMA standards, we explored the studies on the role of aromatherapy with lavender in reducing the anxiety of patients with cardiovascular diseases in English databases through the words and terms "aromatherapy", "lavender", "lavandula", "anxiety", "cardiovascular diseases". Out of 16 647 papers, 12 papers up to January 2022 encountered the inclusion criteria for involving in this systematic review. The majority of studies (7 studies, 70%) were used Spielberger Standard Questionnaire as a measurement scale for their studies. Lavender aromatherapy was mostly used for myocardial infarction (3 studies, 30%) and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery (3 studies, 30%) patients. We concluded that aromatherapy with lavender essential oil significantly ameliorated the anxiety signs in some cardiovascular diseases, e.g., CABG surgery, myocardial infarction, and cardiac ischemia; however, more studies are required in this field to obtain more specific evidence.
As a diagnostic and therapeutic technique for coronary artery disease, angiography is usually associated with some disorders and complications such as fear, pain, discomfort, limited mobility, and anxiety. The present study is a systematic review determining the effects of aromatherapy with different plants in patients undergoing angiography. This review was conducted according to the 06-PRISMA guideline and registered in the CAMARADES-NC3Rs Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Facility (SyRF) database. The English databases were Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO, and ScienceDirect to search articles regarding the effects of aromatherapy with different plants in patients experiencing angiography without a date limitation. The searched keywords in this study were "aromatherapy", "angiography", "coronary artery disease", "anxiety", "stress", and "cardiovascular diseases". Out of 1835 papers, 20 papers up to 2021, met the inclusion criteria for discussion in this systematic review with the data extracted. Most studies were intended to evaluate the effect of aromatherapy on patients’ anxiety with coronary artery bypass graft surgery (11 papers, 55.0%). The most widely used essential oil belonged to the lavender essential oil (13 papers, 65.0%). The results of the current review confirmed that aromatherapy management with lavender, damask rose, orange, and peppermint is able to significantly decrease anxiety, pain, nausea and vomiting, sleep quality, hemodynamic indices, blood pressure, etc. in patients with coronary angiography. However, more investigation is required to confirm the precise mechanisms and side effects of the alternative treatment.
This article has no abstract.
Background: Limited data exist on the clinical outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presenting with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: This multicenter study, conducted in 6 centers in Iran, aimed to compare baseline clinical and procedural data between a case group, comprising STEMI patients with COVID-19, and a control group, comprising STEMI patients before the COVID-19 pandemic, and to determine in-hospital infarct-related artery thrombus grades and major adverse cardio-cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), defined as a composite of deaths from any cause (cardiovascular and noncardiovascular), nonfatal strokes, and stent thrombosis. Results: No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups regarding baseline characteristics. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) was performed in 72.9% of the cases and 98.5% of the controls (P=0.043), and primary coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in 6.2% of the cases and 1.4% of the controls (P=0.048). Successful PPCI procedures (final TIMI flow grade III) were significantly fewer in the case group (66.5% vs 93.5%; P=0.001). The baseline thrombus grade before wire crossing was not statistically significantly different between the 2 groups. The summation of thrombus grades IV and V was 75% in the case group and 82% in the control group (P=0.432). The rate of MACCEs was 14.5% and 2.1% in the case and control groups, respectively (P=0.002). Conclusion: In our study, the thrombus grade had no significant differences between the case and control groups; however, the in-hospital rates of the no-reflow phenomenon, periprocedural MI, mechanical complications, and MACCEs were statistically significantly higher in the case group.
In recent years, various investigations have been conducted on the aromatherapy with some essential oils as a non-invasive nursing intervention in various conditions, such as the improvement of anxiety in patients with cardiovascular diseases. The current study aims to systematically review and determine the effects of aromatherapy with various herbs in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Five English databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar, were used to find all published clinical papers related to the effects of aromatherapy on the patients with coronary artery bypass surgery without time limitation. All searches were based on the 06- PRISMA guideline and registered in the CAMARADES-NC3Rs Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Facility (SyRF) database. Out of 1835 papers, 13 papers up to 2021, met the inclusion criteria for discussion in this systematic review with the data extracted. The most studies were carried out on effect of aromatherapy on anxiety of patients with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery (8 papers, 61.5%). The most common used essential oil was belonged to lavender essential oil (11 papers, 84.6%). The findings of the present investigation demonstrated that aromatherapy particularly with lavender is able to significantly decrease anxiety, pain, nausea and vomiting, Sleep quality, Hemodynamic Indices, blood pressure, and extubation time in patients with CABG surgery. However, more studies are required to confirm the accurate mechanisms and side effects of the alternative treatment.
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