Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the sealing ability of cotton and Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tape as spacer under temporary filling material in between root canal treatment visits.Method and Materials: forty infected primary molars indicated for pulpectomy from twenty children were selected for this study. Two visits root canal treatment were done with temporary restorative material and application of the tested cotton and PTFE as a spacers on each side randomly. Microbiological study was done after pulpectomy by taking sample from the coronal portion of the cavity at the folloing steps, directly after pulpectomy, seven days follow up for both the cavity and the spacer material itself.Results: Cotton fibers group showed bacterial contamination for both the cavity and material itself while PTFE showed the least amount of bacterial growth over their samples. There was contamination of the majority of cotton group samples in contrary to minimal amount for PTFE samples showed bacterial contamination. Conclusions:Using PTFE as a spacer material under provisional restoration showed very good results from microbial point of view and it may be used as cotton alternative in the future in the endodontic field

Aim:The present study was conducted to compare effects of biodentine and formocresol as pulp-dressing agents clinically, radiographically and histopatholically in primary teeth. Materials and Methods:Thirty healthy children aged from four to eight years, they were selected from patients attending outpatient clinic of Pediatric Dentistry Department. Each child had at least bilateral deep carious lower primary molar indicated for pulpotomy. Pulpotomy was done in both groups; where group I treated by biodentine while formocresol used in group II. The study cases were recalled after three, six, nine and twelve months for clinical and radiographic evaluation. For histopathological study sixteen lower primary first molars planned for serial extraction were selected, biodentine and formocresol pulpotomies were done, extraction of the treated teeth from each group was done after one and three-month intervals.Results: the overall clinical success rate of biodentine group was 90%, while formocresol group was 80%. The two groups were clinically successful with no statistically significant difference between them (P= 0.278). The radiographic success rate of biodentine group was 86.6%, while for formocresol group was 73.3%. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.197). Biodentine showed significantly better histopathological results compared to formacresol after three-month interval. Biodentine favored the formation of partial dentine bridge with normal pulpal architecture. The pulp tissue in formocresol group showed necrosis with no evidence of dentine bridge formation Conclusion: the biodentine showed higher clinical, radiographic and histopathologic success rate compared to formocresol as a pulpotomy agent in primary molars. It can be considered as a biomaterial for vital pulp therapy of deep caries in primary teeth.

Background: Streptococcus mutans play an important role in occurrence of dental caries objective: to compare the clinical and microbiological antibacterial outcomes of Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Calcium hydroxide cement Ca(OH)2. Methodology: 20 primary molars in 10 children with year’s 5-9 y .For each child one tooth was treated with Ca(OH)2 and the other with MTA. Finally, all the cavities were restored using compomer restorative material, and then microbiological parameters were recorded. Results: MTA treated teeth did not show any clinical sign or symptoms of failure. While three teeth treated with Ca(OH)2 were excluded because of necrosis. Changes in color and consistency of dentin were nearly the same for both groups. Microbiological evaluation showed a decrease in the count of Str. mutans with calcium hydroxide and complete killing of bacteria with MTA. Conclusion: The treatment showed satisfactory results of MTA as it was more potent inhibitor of bacterial-growth than Ca(OH)2

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