ObjectivesTo systematically review and examine the psychometric properties of established resilience scales in older adults, i.e. ≥60 years.MethodsA systematic review of Scopus and Web of Science databases was undertaken using the search strategy “resilience” AND (ageing OR aging)”. Independent title/abstract and fulltext screening were undertaken, identifying original peer-reviewed English articles that conducted psychometric validation studies of resilience metrics in samples aged ≥60 years. Data on the reliability/validity of the included metrics were extracted from primary studies.ResultsFive thousand five hundred nine studies were identified by the database search, 426 used resilience psychometrics, and six psychometric analysis studies were included in the final analysis. These studies conducted analyses of the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and its shortened 10-item version (CD-RISC10), the Resilience Scale (RS) and its shortened 5- (RS-5) and 11- (RS-11) item versions, and the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS). All scales demonstrated acceptable levels of internal consistency, convergent/discriminant validity and theoretical construct validity. Factor structures for the RS, RS-11 and CD-RISC diverged from the structures in the original studies.ConclusionThe RS, RS-5, RS-11, CD-RISC, CD-RISC10 and BRCS demonstrate psychometric robustness adequate for continued use in older populations. However, results from the current study and pre-existing theoretical construct validity studies most strongly support the use of the RS, with modest and preliminary support for the CD-RISC and BRCS, respectively. Future studies assessing the validity of these metrics in older populations, particularly with respect to factor structure, would further strengthen the case for the use of these scales.
This is a repository copy of Comorbid chronic diseases and cancer diagnosis: disease-specific effects and underlying mechanisms.
Over the life course, we are invariably faced with some form of adversity. The process of positively adapting to adverse events is known as ‘resilience’. Despite the acknowledgement of 2 common components of resilience, that is, adversity and positive adaptation, no consensus operational definition has been agreed. Resilience operationalisations have been reviewed in a cross-sectional context; however, a review of longitudinal methods of operationalising resilience has not been conducted. The present study conducts a systematic review across Scopus and Web of Science capturing studies of ageing that posited operational definitions of resilience in longitudinal studies of ageing. Thirty-six studies met inclusion criteria. Non-acute events, for example, cancer, were the most common form of adversity identified and psychological components, for example, the absence of depression, the most common forms of positive adaptation. Of the included studies, 4 used psychometrically driven methods, that is, repeated administration of established resilience metrics, 9 used definition-driven methods, that is, a priori establishment of resilience components and criteria, and 23 used data-driven methods, that is, techniques that identify resilient individuals using latent variable models. Acknowledging the strengths and limitations of each operationalisation is integral to the appropriate application of these methods to life course and longitudinal resilience research.
Background Social media is commonly used in public health interventions to promote cancer screening and early diagnosis, as it can rapidly deliver targeted public health messages to large numbers of people. However, there is currently little understanding of the breadth of social media interventions and evaluations, whether they are effective, and how they might improve outcomes. Objective This scoping review aimed to map the evidence for social media interventions to improve cancer screening and early diagnosis, including their impact on behavior change and how they facilitate behavior change. Methods Five databases and the grey literature were searched to identify qualitative and quantitative evaluations of social media interventions targeting cancer screening and early diagnosis. Two reviewers independently reviewed each abstract. Data extraction was carried out by one author and verified by a second author. Data on engagement was extracted using an adapted version of the key performance indicators and metrics related to social media use in health promotion. Insights, exposure, reach, and differing levels of engagement, including behavior change, were measured. The behavior change technique taxonomy was used to identify how interventions facilitated behavior change. Results Of the 23 publications and reports included, the majority (16/23, 70%) evaluated national cancer awareness campaigns (eg, breast cancer awareness month). Most interventions delivered information via Twitter (13/23, 57%), targeted breast cancer (12/23, 52%), and measured exposure, reach, and low- to medium-level user engagement, such as number of likes (9/23, 39%). There were fewer articles about colorectal and lung cancer than about breast and prostate cancer campaigns. One study found that interventions had less reach and engagement from ethnic minority groups. A small number of articles (5/23, 22%) suggested that some types of social media interventions might improve high-level engagement, such as intended and actual uptake of screening. Behavior change techniques, such as providing social support and emphasizing the consequences of cancer, were used to engage users. Many national campaigns delivered fundraising messages rather than actionable health messages. Conclusions The limited evidence suggests that social media interventions may improve cancer screening and early diagnosis. Use of evaluation frameworks for social media interventions could help researchers plan more robust evaluations that measure behavior change. We need a greater understanding of who engages with these interventions to know whether social media can be used to reduce some health inequalities in cancer screening and early diagnosis. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033592
Background Despite the proliferation of research into resilience in ageing, no universally accepted operational defi nition has been agreed. Within a life-course framework, the ways in which individuals demonstrate resilience is numerous and varied; the ways in which resilience is operationalised by researchers is similarly heterogeneous. The present study aimed to better understand resilience in the context of ageing by examining the ways researchers have conceptualised and operationalised the construct.Methods Scopus and Web of Science were searched for the keywords "resilience" and "ageing" between Feb 2 and Feb 11, 2015, for articles published in English. Independent title and abstract screening was conducted, followed by full-text review. Studies positing specifi c operational defi nitions of resilience within the context of ageing were identifi ed via independent title and abstract screening and were narratively synthesised during full-text extraction.Findings 5909 studies were identifi ed by the search strategy, of which 50 met inclusion criteria. Theorists from a variety of backgrounds posited methods for operationalising resilience-eg, psychometric-driven, defi nition-driven, or datadriven. Few studies adopted a life course perspective-ie, examining how factors across life aff ect resilience in later life, or whether resilience at an earlier age is associated with later resilience. The overarching emphasis on "bouncing back" from a negative event (eg, physical or emotional trauma) was captured in most operationalisations of the studies.Interpretation The manifestations of resilience varied widely across the nature of the adverse event and the resources and strengths invoked in the demonstration of resilience. Although there were examples of resiliency having been operationalised at various life stages, how resilience is linked in early, mid, and later life has not been suffi ciently addressed. Within the context of ageing research, examining the ways in which resilience is demonstrated provides potential opportunities to elucidate markers and predictors that foster better outcomes for ageing individuals.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.