The present investigation was designed to study the dfects of rewarding and punishing verbal reinforcers on verbal operant conditioning as a function of extraversion-introversion. A randomized block design involving three levels of extraversion (extraverts, ambiverts and introverts) and two verbal reinforcement conditions ('good' and 'poor'), was replicated 20 times. One hundred and twenty undergraduate and postgraduate female students were individually subjected to Taffel's verbal conditioning procedure. The study supports the following conclusions: (1) extraverts as compared to introverts and ambiverts condition better with the rewarding reinforcer ('good ') while the introverts compared to extraverts and ambiverts condition better with the punishing reinforcer ('poor'); (2) extraverts condition better with the rewarding reinforcer compared to the punishing one, whereas the introverts condition better with the punishing reinforcer compared to the rewarding one ; (3) ambiverts condition comparably with both the rewarding and punishing reinforcers. TafM, C. (1955). Anxiety and the conditioning of verbal behaviour. Journal of Abnormal and Social
This study was a piece of a major project funded by the Indian Council of Social Science Research, New Delhi and it was aimed to ascertain the impact of cultural variation, chronological age, and marital circumstances on life satisfaction in kumari women. It was contended that variations in the magnitude of life satisfaction would be influenced by varying types of culture, levels of chronological age, and types of marital circumstances.240 women hailing from various regions of Kumaun participated in this study and were arranged in accordance with the requirements of 3-way factorial design with 3 variations of culture (Bhotia, Buxa, and general Kumauni ),2 levels of chronological age (25-30 years and 55-60 years) and 2 types of marital circumstances (wives accompanied by the husbands and wives living far from husbands) ie:20 participants per cell. The Life Satisfaction Scale by Alam and Srivastava was used.
This study was aimed to ascertain the impact of yogic exercisers and employment status on everyday life from a developmental perspective. It was contended that:1. An increase in age would cause more perception of ill health and more prone towards leisure activities.2. Regular Yogic exercisers would perceive their health as more positive and engaged in leisure activities as compared to seldom yogic exercisers.3. Employed women would be less engaged in leisure activities but would rate their health better as compared to unemployed women.One hundred and twenty participants ranging between 30-55 years were served as participants and were arranged according to the requirements of the factorial design with three levels of chronological age (30-35, 40-45, 50-55 years), two types of yogic exercisers (Regular and Seldom) and two types of employment (Employed and Unemployed), i.e., 10 participants in each cell.In order to find out everyday life measures of leisure activities and self-rated health developed by the investigators were used. Data collection was done individually/in graph and analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. It was found that:(1) Self-rated health was relatively high in the youngest participants and they were engaged in varieties of leisure activities.(2) Regular yogic exercisers were higher in self-rated health and they were engaged in more variation of leisure activities than seldom exercisers.(3) Employed women experiences themselves healthier and highly engaged in leisure than unemployed women.(4) All interactions were significant.
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