<p><strong>Background. </strong>All of the Pinaceae require the ectomycorrhizal interaction to survive under field conditions. However, their use has not traditionally been considered in the production of forest plants in Neotropical areas.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis.</strong> There will be an increase in plant quality in greenhouse and in survival in the field of <em>Pinus pringlei</em> inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECMF).</p><p><strong>Site of study.</strong> The experiment was carried out in Texcoco, Mexico, in two sites: i) greenhouse of the Colegio de Postgraduados; and ii) in the field, in the San Pablo Ixayoc town.</p><p><strong>Methods.</strong> <em>P. pringlei</em> plants, a native species of Mexico, were inoculated with the ECMF: i) <em>Hebeloma alpinum </em>(<em>Ha</em>); ii) <em>Laccaria trichodermophora</em> (<em>Lt</em>); and iii) <em>Thelephora terrestris</em> (<em>Tt</em>). The effect of this inoculation on plant growth and nutritient translocation was evaluated. A morphological and molecular characterization of ectomycorrhizal roots and an evaluation of the seedling field survival were carried out, and compared with non-inoculated plants.</p><p><strong>Results.</strong> <em>Pinus pringlei</em> plants inoculated with ECMF increased their growth and nutrient content. A significant nutritional allocation from root to stem mainly of K, Fe, and Zn was recorded.</p><p>The morpho-anatomical and molecular characterization showed the presence of <em>Ha</em>, <em>Lt </em>and <em>Tt</em> in ectomycorrhizal roots. Two-year old plants mainly inoculated with <em>Ha</em> and<em> Tt</em> showed higher survival in the field than non-inoculated plants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions.</strong> The beneficial effects of ECMF on <em>P. pringlei</em> growth, nutrimental translocation (mainly on K, Fe and Zn), and field survival rates are reported for the first time.</p>
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