Objective:Previous studies have demonstrated that closed pleural biopsy (CPB) has a sensitivity of less than 60% for diagnosing malignancy. Therefore, controversy has recently emerged regarding the value of CPB as a diagnostic test. Our objective was to assess the accuracy of CPB in diagnosing malignancy in patients with pleural effusion. Methods:This was a prospective 8-year study of individuals who underwent CPB to establish the etiology of pleural effusion. Information on each patient was obtained from anatomopathological reports and medical records. When CPB findings showed malignancy or tuberculosis, the biopsy was considered diagnostic, and that was the definitive diagnosis. In cases in which biopsy histopathological findings were nonspecific, a definitive diagnosis was established on the basis of other diagnostic procedures, such as thoracoscopy, thoracotomy, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, biochemical and cellular measurements in pleural fluid, and/or microbiological tests. The accuracy of CPB was determined with 2 × 2 contingency tables. Results:A total of 1034 biopsies from patients with pleural effusion were studied. Of those, 171 (16.54%) were excluded from the accuracy analysis either because of inadequate samples or insufficient information. The results of the accuracy analysis were as follows: sensitivity, 77%; specificity, 98%; positive predictive value, 99%; negative predictive value, 66%; positive likelihood ratio, 38.5; negative likelihood ratio, 0.23; pre-test probability, 2.13; and post-test probability, 82. Conclusions:CPB is useful in clinical practice as a diagnostic test, because there is an important change from pre-test to post-test probability.
Introduction Exposure to biomass combustion products, particularly firewood, has been considered as a potential carcinogen for developing lung cancer. In this regard, current evidence is widely heterogeneous; besides, in most studies, wood smoke exposure is not appropriately quantified, which further complicates the analysis of wood smoke as a potential carcinogen. The aim of the present study was to estimate the risk of developing lung cancer according to the degree of exposure to wood smoke in patients who use firewood for cooking. Material and methodsWe performed a case-control study that included 482 patients with lung cancer (cases) and 592 hospital controls. Exposure to wood smoke was evaluated as a dichotomous variable (i.e. yes or no); in patients with prior wood smoke exposure, an index of exposure in hours per year was calculated (WSEI). Using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, the odds ratio (OR) between wood smoke exposure and lung cancer were calculated. ResultsThe ORs for developing lung cancer (raw and adjusted) for a WSEI > 100 h/year were OR 1.55 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-2.26) and OR 2.26 (95% CI, 1.50-3.40), respectively; the ORs (raw and adjusted) for WSEI >300 h/year were OR 1.76 (95% CI, 1.06-2.91) and OR 3.19 (95% CI, 1.83-5.55), respectively.Conclusions Exposure to wood smoke is a risk factor for lung cancer; furthermore, this effect maintains a doseresponse relationship which has a multiplicative effect with smoking.
Antecedentes: La información sobre el tipo y la frecuencia del tratamiento quirúrgico en los casos de empiema torácico es escasa. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas, el estudio microbiológico y la frecuencia y el tipo de tratamiento quirúrgico en pacientes adultos con derrame pleural paraneumónico o empiema. Método: Estudio transversal prospectivo de pacientes con diagnóstico de derrame pleural paraneumónico o empiema, de agosto de 2011 a julio de 2014, en un hospital de referencia para enfermedades respiratorias en la Ciudad de México. Se estudiaron las características clínicas, las categorías de riesgo para mal pronóstico en empiema y la frecuencia y el tipo de tratamiento quirúrgico. Resultados: Se estudiaron 284 pacientes cuya mediana de edad fue de 47 años y el 75% eran hombres. El 57.7% fueron traslados de otros hospitales. En el 38.8% de los casos se identificó un microorganismo, con predominio de gramnegativos. Requirieron tratamiento quirúrgico 153 pacientes (53.9%), de los cuales en el 90% fue toracotomía con lavado y decorticación. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue del 5.63%. Conclusiones: La mayor parte de los pacientes llegaron en etapas avanzadas de la enfermedad, y por ello más de la mitad requirieron cirugía, de los cuales en el 90% fue lavado y decorticación. Es deseable favorecer mecanismos para realizar un diagnóstico y un tratamiento tempranos con el fin de disminuir la necesidad de tratamiento quirúrgico.
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