Background: The sub-carinal angle is an angle formed between the main right bronchus and leftbronchus clearly seen in adequately exposed chest radiograph, normally at the level of 5th thoracicvertebrae. Objective: To measure sub-carinal angle in relationship to different age, sex and body mass index inthe adult. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Radio diagnosis and Imaging at BPKIHS, Dharan from 27th April to 6th August 2017. Sub-carinal angle was measured on the normal chest radiograph in 392 adult patients. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version 11.5 and descriptive statistics percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation were calculated. For inferential statistics, Independent ‘t’ test and Pearson’s correlation were applied. Results: The sub-carinal angle ranged from 39°- 81.1° with mean value 60.17°+7.81°. The mean subcarinalangle for the male was 59.17°+8.19° and for female was 60.62°+7.49°. The mean sub-carinalangle was wider in female than male in our study; however, the difference in sub-carinal angle between male and female was statistically not significant (p> 0.05). There was negative correlationbetween sub-carinal angle and age (r= -0.168, p <0.01). The sub-carinal angle was positivelycorrelated with BMI (r= 0.100, p< 0.05). Conclusion: In our study, the mean sub-carinal angle was 60.17° ± 7.81°. The mean sub-carinal angle difference between male and female was statistically non-significant. There was negative correlation of sub-carinal angle with age and positive correlation with BMI. The reference value obtained from this study will be helpful to diagnose abnormal sub-carinal angle due to various pathologies.
The pleomorphic adenoma of lacrimal gland presents as a painless, progressive, slowly growing supero-temporal swelling with variable proptosis. This tumor is usually found in adults and extremely rare in teenage. We report a case of a 15-year-old boy with pleomorphic adenoma of lacrimal gland which mimicked pseudotumor of orbit due to its presentation as an orbital inflammatory disease and the age distribution. Neuroimaging also suggested pseudotumor and oral steroid was started. But, there was no improvement on steroids and ultrasound guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) was performed which suggested Pleomorphic adenoma of the lacrimal gland. En-bloc excision of the mass through antero-lateral orbitotomy was done with satisfactory final outcome The histopathological evaluation was consistent with pleomorphic adenoma of the lacrimal gland. Keywords: lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenoma; orbitotomy; proptosis; pseudotumor.
In today’s competitive era business demands cost-effectiveness, logistic efficiency, quality products, after sale services, and environmentally responsible production activities. Sustainable development is need of the hour. Government as well as private agencies and business organisations are emphasising on its implementation in all business activities. Green production, green logistics and green waste management are the three major green business activities. A supplier, who has sensitivity towards the environment along with economic factors is the real asset of a green business chain and is termed as green supplier. In this study. we are concerned with “green supplier selection” by ranking the available green suppliers. The ranking of green supplier selection is considered to be a multi-criteria optimisation problem, which is more popularly known as a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. We have applied five different MCDM techniques to rank the green suppliers for the manufacturing organisation in the Delhi-NCR region and proposed an integrated approach of MCDM for assessment and selection of the green supplier. The study is novel in nature as it suggests the ranking of green suppliers by identifying the preferential suppliers to carry forward a green business chain.
Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common ocular malignant neoplasm of childhood. Bilateral or unilateral intraocular RB in conjunction with a primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) of the pineal region (i.e. pineoblastoma) is termed as trilateral retinoblastoma (TRB). Retinoblastoma may spread along the optic nerve to the intracranial compartment to give drop metastases in the subarachnoid space or it can spread through hematogenous and lymphatic routes. Phthisis bulbi (PB) is a relatively uncommon presentation of retinoblastoma. We report a case of trilateral retinoblastoma with phthisical left eye and extensive leptomeningeal metastasis in a 3-year-old female child.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v3i2.9621 Nepalese Journal of Radiology Vol.3(2)July-Dec, 2013: 92-96
Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder multisystem involvement; however, pulmonary manifestations typically dominate with abnormal chest radiographs in majority of the patients. Pulmonary function tests like vital capacity and total lung capacity are reduced. The typical radiographic feature of sarcoidosis is bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy with involvement of right paratracheal lymph nodes concomitantly. Computed tomographic scan is ahead of conventional chest radiographs in depicting parenchymal, mediastinal and hilar abnormalities. Transbronchial lung biopsy and transbronchial needle aspiration are important for diagnosing pulmonary sarcoidosis.
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