Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are advanced nano-carrier for delivery of drugs especially anti-cancer drugs. In the field of CNT-based drug delivery system, both single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled nanotubes (MWCNTs) can be used for targeting anticancer drugs in tissues and organs, where the high therapeutic effect is necessary. Benefits of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in drug delivery systems are; avoiding solvent usage and reducing the side effects. Therefore, the present review article described about achievement of SWCNTs and MWCNTs to deliver the anticancer drugs with different cancerous cell lines.
Decompressive craniectomy has been used to treat severe intracranial hypertension secondary to various causes like trauma, cerebral infarction, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and spontaneous hemorrhage, refractory to medical treatment. There are many different approaches grouped under the term ?decompressive craniectomy? with all of them aiming at reduction of raised intracranial pressure. We have reviewed the literature and tried to describe the mechanism, various types, indications and complications of this procedure.
The most commonly used drug in the patients of severe head injury is mannitol. The drug is classified pharmacologically as osmotic-diuretic but its mechanism of action in decreasing intracranial pressure is multi-factorial. Despite having dramatic results in the management of head injury patients the drug is still facing many controversies ranging from mechanism of action to the efficacy, especially is the light of evidence based medicine.
Isolated cranial nerve palsy is an uncommon sequel in head injury. A 9-year-old child was admitted in comatose condition after falling from a house with right pupil dilatation and same eyeball deviated laterally. Clinical impression was that of a right sided traumatic hematoma and resulting uncal herniation leading to third nerve palsy. However, CT scan revealed a small hemorrhage in anterior tegmentum on right side. The majority of third nerve palsies following trauma have been reported due to lateral herniation syndrome but isolated third nerve palsy due to tegmental herniation is rare entity.
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