Comfort interventions for children during invasive nursing procedures have been well documented in the literature. It is important, however, to distinguish between the provision of holistic comfort management and pain alleviation. Holistic comfort focuses on treating the child's whole procedural experience and includes more than simply reducing pain. In this literature review, 33 intervention studies were examined. These studies focused on evaluating comfort effects from nursing interventions on pain, anxiety, fear, and distress. Four themes of procedural comfort intervention emerged: music therapy, amusement and entertainment, caregiver facilitation, and a multifaceted approach. Important findings of this review, gaps in the literature, and implications for future research are discussed.
Background:
In nurse practitioner (NP) programs, NP faculty are responsible for evaluating student progress via clinical site visits. The purpose of this pilot study revolved around investigating the following aims: virtual clinical site visit feasibility, faculty perspectives related to implementing virtual and face-to-face clinical site visits, and exploration of student learning and related experiences with both virtual and face-to-face site visits.
Method:
This mixed-methods pilot study included cross-sectional assessment of faculty and preceptor perspectives, as well as an open-ended qualitative descriptive survey for students.
Results:
Three themes of student experience were found: We Discussed Strengths and Weaknesses, I Had a Better Experience, and I Had Trouble. Faculty years in practice was significantly associated with preference of face-to-face visits and preference of observing preceptor teaching methods.
Conclusion:
Student learning needs for clinical site visits are multifactorial. Virtual site visits are feasible, cost effective, and time efficient for faculty and nursing administration needs.
[
J Nurs Educ.
2014;53(3):160–164.]
Numerous recommendations for future research are included. Implications for nursing and related health sciences, organizational and administrative policy, invasive procedures, theory, and methods were found and are discussed. Findings from this study will assist nurses in providing procedure management for children from a holistic care perspective.
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