Oral sub mucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, insidious, disabling disease of oral mucosa, oropharynx, and rarely, the larynx affecting millions of people worldwide with a prevalence rate of 0.4 % in Indian rural population. It results in difficulty to open the mouth and can be disabling to the patient. The awareness of such a condition among oral physicians can help in timely diagnosis and thus appropriate treatment can be administered depending on the degree of involvement. Patients with OSMF need treatment for trismus correction, reconstructive surgery for any simultaneous oral malignancy. A case of oral sub mucous fibrosis occurring in a 35 year old male patient is presented with emphasis on the review of literature.
Oral cancer is an alarming health problem globally, with 300,000 cases being newly diagnosed annually. Despite research being aimed to improve treatment with conventional methods such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy; there is severe morbidity associated with this malignancy. This presents an emerging need to develop advanced treatment options. Recent advances in molecular biology and technology have provided us with unique possibilities for studying aberrations at the genetic level and hence provided the basis for possible treatments such as gene therapy. The definition of gene therapy hence is given as the "alteration or insertion of genetic material into an organism to replace or repair a defect to correct or prevent disease." Employing human tumor suppressor p53 as the target of gene therapy demonstrates great potential in curing squamous cell carcinomas. The functions of tumor suppressor genes can be reinstated with the incorporation of the therapeutic p53 gene into tumor cells. The treatment results are also greatly improved when it is administered with various vectors, most commonly adenoviral delivery. Combination therapy with p53 and chemotherapy provides a synergistic benefit toward the tumor growth suppression and apoptosis and also emphasizes the superiority of intra-arterial administration of this combination as compared to other routes. Thus, the purpose of this article is to review and emphasize the use and purpose of intra-arterial infusion of chemotherapeutics in combination with p53 gene therapy.
Tumor angiogenesis is a hallmark of advanced cancers which is critical for the continued growth and progression of solid tumors owing to the metastatic spread of tumor cells. This knowledge has led to the concept of targeting the tumor vasculature as a therapeutic modality. Several retrospective studies support the positive prognosis for the implications of angiogenic markers for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), currently making them an attractive target oriented treatment. Radiotherapy (RT) being the conventional treatment for HNSCC, makes it imperative in this present era to recognize the communication between antiangiogenic therapy and RT, thus developing a combination therapy to achieve progress in the outcome of clinical practice. The combination of antiangiogenic agents and ionizing radiation involve many interactions between the cells, the stroma of the tumor and tissue vasculature. Increased angiogenesis is responsible for the proliferation of tumor cells and its metastasis which ultimately leads to tumor hypoxia. Any agent targeting the tumor vasculature can modulate the tumor microenvironment thus normalizing it and enhancing the therapeutic response of hypoxic cells of head and neck cancers. This review provides insight into the mechanisms by which the antiangiogenic therapy combined with RT improves the tumor response to radiation, thereby suggesting a promising prognostic treatment modality of HNSCC in the time ahead.
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is extensively used as a spice, food preservative and colouring material in South East Asia , China and. India. It has been used in traditional medicine as a household remedy for various diseases, including hepatic disorders ,biliary disorders, anorexia, cough, diabetic wounds, , rheumatism and sinusitis. For the last few decades, extensive work has been done to establish the biological activities and pharmacological actions of turmeric and its extracts. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), which is the main yellow bioactive component of turmeric has shown to have a wide spectrum of biological actions.
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