Floods are one of the most common natural hazards in global range and could threat the human life, health, environment and infrastructure. The aim of this paper is the
The constantly growing human needs for water aiming to supply urban areas or for energy production or irrigation purposes enforces the application of practices leading to its saving. The construction of dams has been continuously increasing in recent years, aiming at the collection and storage of water in the formed reservoirs. The greatest challenge that reservoirs face during their lifetime is the sedimentation caused by debris and by the effects of climate change on water harvesting. The paper presents an investigation on the amount, the position and the height of the debris ending up at the Nipsa reservoir. The assessment of the debris volume produced in the drainage basin was conducted by a geographical information system (GIS) based model, named TopRunDF, also used to predict the sedimentation area and the sediment deposition height in the sedimentation cone. The impact of climate change to the reservoir storage capacity is evaluated with the use of a water balance model triggered by the HadCM2, ECHAM4, CSIRO-MK2, CGCM1, CCSR-98 climate change models. The results predict a significant future decrease in the stored water volume of the reservoir, and therefore several recommendations are proposed for the proper future functioning and operation of the reservoir.
Abstract:Flooding is a natural disaster that damages infrastructure, properties, and may even cause loss of life. Major floods occur in the Arda river basin, which is shared between Greece and Bulgaria in Southeastern Europe. A flood warning system can sufficiently minimize adverse effects by helping to create a more successful and well-organized response plan. This paper presents an extensive numerical simulation of flood hydrograph routing between levees of the downstream section of the Arda river for floods with return periods from 2 to 10,000 years, using the one-dimensional software HEC-RAS. The main objective is to calculate the inundation areas, travel times of flood waves, water depths, water levels, flow velocities, and overflow volumes by simulating the hydraulic behavior of the Arda river outside its mountain watershed, where it flows through agricultural plane land with very mild slope. The great importance of the water level at the confluence of the Arda and Evros rivers (downstream boundary condition) has been pointed out for the regions near the confluence because the flow is the subcritical type. A significant finding of this work is the determination of the upper limit of the peak discharge hydrograph entering from the Arda to the Evros river to prevent the flooding of the Evros river. This finding is very important for the management of the flood flows of the Evros river, which is a major river with a complicated river system.
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