Aims This paper presents a multiple hybrid methods combining the lambda iteration and simulated annealing methods (MHLSA) to solve an economic dispatch (ED) problem with smooth cost function characteristics. The constraints of the economic dispatch were load demand and transmission loss. Methods The proposed MHLSA algorithm is a hybrid of the lambda iteration and simulated annealing methods and increases efficiency by adding multiple search mechanisms. It is a sequential execution of an individual hybrid algorithm of the lambda iteration and simulated annealing algorithm (HLSA) using only one personal microcomputer. The MHLSA algorithm introduces additional techniques for improvement of the search processes, such as the hybrid method, scope for multiple adaptive searches, and multiple searches. Results To show its effectiveness, the MHLSA is applied to two systems consisting of three and six power generating units. The optimized results from MHLSA are compared with those from HLSA and from conventional approaches, such as bee colony optimization (BCO), hybrid particle swarm optimization (HPSO) and simulated annealing (SA). Results confirm that the proposed MHLSA approach is capable of obtaining the greater speed of convergence and a higher quality solution efficiently. Conclusions Thus, it has great potential to be implemented in different types of power system optimization problem.
Time-triggered Co-operative (TTC) scheduler provides a simple and reliable operating environment that matches precisely the needs for use in safety-related applications. However, in the design and implementation phases, such scheduler may be suffered from several failure modes that are the fragility of scheduler and the impact of task jitter. The main contribution of this paper is to address the need for an effective scheduling algorithm and scheduler implementation to assure that the TTC can be executed appropriately without an impact on the timing behavior in the system. The paper has developed an algorithm called "TTSA-MTI" to automate the process of scheduling TTC-MTI scheduler which is designed based on the employment of "Sandwich Delay" mechanisms and technique of "Multiple Timer Interrupt". The results show that the proposed algorithm can help in a significant reduction of computation time and achieve better performances in task release jitter as opposed to a related scheduler. In conclusions, the paper indicates that TTSA-MTI algorithm is an effective task scheduling for use with a range of TTC architecture.
Generally, estrus of cow can be observed from its body such as swollen vagina, slime and mydriasis or its behaviors such as bellow out, ride piggyback with the other or let the other rides piggyback. These symptoms will only occur within 18 hours. To access the best result, therefore, the insemination should be processed during on 9-18 hours of that period time. Therefore, this project proposes the application of accelerometer for checking estrus of cow. The accelerometer is installed on the cow's front leg. When the cow rides piggyback the other, resulting the output signal of accelerometer is changed. This signal will be sent to the microcontroller for processing and send the signal through wireless to computer for displaying. The proposed system will be useful to improve efficiency of the insemination.
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