Plasma cell neoplasia is a lymphoid neoplastic proliferation of B cells and has been classified as multiple myeloma, solitary plasmacytoma, and extramedullary plasmacytoma. Extramedullary plasmacytoma is defined as neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells in the soft tissue. Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck is very uncommon tumors, representing approximately 0.4% of all head and neck malignancies; amongst them, plasmacytoma of the maxilla is extremely rare. We present a case of a 70-year-old male with swelling on the right middle third of the face, mimicking an abscess, but proven to be extramedullary plasmacytoma. This report discusses the clinical, radiographic, histological, and immunohistochemical features of extramedullary plasmacytoma.
Ameloblastoma is an epithelial odontogenic tumor exhibiting diverse microscopic pattern that occurs singly or in combination with other patterns. This article describes a case of granular cell ameloblastoma (GCA) involving mandible in a 55-year-old male. The possibility of granular component is there in other odontogenic and nonodontogenic lesions. Sometimes dilemma exists in the diagnosis of such lesions. The purpose of this article is to unveil the hidden characteristics in GCA, which might help in differential diagnosis of GCA.
The ameloblastic fibroma (AF) is an uncommon odontogenic tumor that may present an aggressive behavior and may have potential for malignant transformation. Ghost cell differentiation within AF is extremely rare. There are only seven cases in English literature in which ghost cells are found in AF but all these previously reported cases were associated with typical calcifying odontogenic cyst. Here, we present a unique case in 3(1/2)-year-old child with solid lesion which comprised odontogenic epithelium strands, islands, and myxoid ectomesenchyme with focal areas of ghost cell differentiation and calcification associated with neoplastic epithelium.
Introduction. Odontogenic cysts are distinct entities and quite a common occurrence in the jaw bones. These are individual lesions which arise from the same odontogenic apparatus but with varying pathogenesis. Cytokeratins are integral components in tooth development and are expressed across the odontogenic tissues in physiological and pathological states. Aim. To elucidate the role of cytokeratin-7 in the pathogenesis of odontogenic cysts by immunohistochemistry Method. Cytokeratin-7 (CK-7) was assessed in 39 cases of odontogenic lesions retrieved from the archival files which included 15 cases of Dentigerous cysts (DC), 12 cases of Odontogenic keratocysts (OKC) and 12 cases of Radicular cysts (RC) and also 8 cases of control specimens. Statistical analysis. Results obtained were statistically analyzed using chi-square test to assess the association between different odontogenic cysts used in this study and Cytokeration-7 staining. The difference was considered to be of statistical significance if the p value was ≤ 0.05. Results. CK7 expression was maximum in dentigerous cycts (66.66%) followed by radicular cysts (41.66%) and odontogenic keratocysts (16.6%). On evaluation of staining and expression pattern, highest positivity is shown in Dentigerous cysts and the positivity is seen in suprabasal (60%) and superficial layers (40%) whereas radicular cysts and odontogenic keratocysts showed positivity in superficial and spinous layers. Conclusion. Cytokeratin-7 expression correlates with the degree of differentiation of the epithelium. So the cysts with a well-differentiated epithelium (RC and DC) express CK-7, while the cysts with a less well-differentiated epithelium (OKC) show slight positivity. Thus it can be useful to differentiate OKC from DC and RC.
Etiopathogenesis of the pathologic lesions forms the basis for formulation of appropriate intervention and further prevention. There is still a vast unknown field that has to be explored to know the causative reason behind certain benign & malignant lesions. Idiopathic bone defects are nonodontogenic pseudocystic cavities that are seen in the long bones & jaw bones. Radiographic interpretation is at times inadequate in diagnosis of odontogenic & nonodontogenic radiolucent lesions involving jaw bones. Histopathology has different criteria to segregate this lesion. In this paper, we discuss a case of type B histopathological variant of idiopathic bone defect that may suggest an alternative pathogenesis from type A variant.
BACKGROUND Oral and maxillofacial pathology, is the very foundation of dentistry. It is a branch of dentistry where research meets clinical practice with the use of histopathology, cytopathology, haematology, immunohistochemistry, clinical biochemistry, microbiology, molecular science, forensic odontology, and a lot more, making it a unique and rare branch in its own way. It acts as a backbone of dental science, by investigating the causes, processes, and effects of the disease affecting the oral and maxillofacial region. Therefore, this branch requires timely up-gradation to analyse health data, research findings and treatment techniques to offer a diagnostic and therapeutic recommendation for individual patients. The application of digital technology in oral pathology is on the verge of becoming a standard of care, thereby eliminating the need for practising pathology on a conventional microscope. Globally, pathological laboratories need to be more efficient than before. Therefore, automation and digitalization are required to not only increase the efficiency, growth, quality, and capacity but also to standardise the processes. The purpose of this article is to introduce the readers, the incorporation of new ideas and technologies in the lab for a better and faster diagnosis, and would also like to explain the concept of standardizing the method of recording and maintaining the dental or medical records of the patients, and also standardizing the lab reports. KEY WORDS Innovation, Robotics, Digitalization, Artificial Intelligence, Upgradation, Maxillofacial Region
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