The groundwater quality assessment gained more attention among the water quality management stations and researchers. The conventional water quality index method and artificial neural network models are used to assess groundwater. But these models are inadequate to handle data with uncertainty. In this work, we propose an improved Fuzzy C Means clustering method to identify the homogeneous clusters with respect to groundwater quality. For this purpose 1020 groundwater samples data with 7 physiochemical parameters of the year 2019 are collected from West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India. The effectiveness of the proposed clustering method is evaluated with two standard clustering methods namely K-means and Fuzzy C Means. The initial selection of the number of clusters and cluster centers determines the success of both the conventional K Means and Fuzzy C Means clustering methods. The proposed improved Fuzzy C Means method identifies the optimal number of clusters based on the water index value. The proposed improved Fuzzy C Means clustering method is implemented on the groundwater data set. The performance is computed with the help of the silhouette score and Davies Bouldin Index. The proposed clustering method outperforms with the existing K Means and Fuzzy C Means with silhouette score of 0.857 and Davies Bouldin Index value of 0.502 when the number of clusters are 4.
Summary Digital transactions based on credit cards are gradually increasing concept due to expediency. The amount of fraudulent transactions has intensely enlarged in modern days, because of the fast development of e‐services, namely e‐finance, mobile payments, and e‐commerce as well as the promotion of credit cards. Criminal fraud behaviors and user's payment behaviors are frequently varying, thus performance improvement of the fraud identification method and its stability are more challenging processes. The Shuffled Shepherd Political Optimization‐based Deep Residual network (SSPO‐based DRN) scheme is established for credit card fraud identification in this research. The SSPO is developed by merging the Political Optimization (PO) and Shuffled Shepherd Optimization Algorithm (SSOA). The quantile normalization model is an effective preprocessing technique, which normalizes the data for effective detection. Moreover, fisher score and class information gain effectively select the required features. Data augmentation is employed for increasing the data size, thereby the detection performance is improved. The Deep Residual Network (DRN) is employed for credit card fraud recognition, which is trained by devised SSPO algorithm. The SSPO‐based DRN approach achieved enhanced performance with testing sensitivity of 0.9279, specificity of 0.9023, and accuracy of 0.9120.
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