Manufacturing abrasion‐resistant superhydrophobic matters is challenging due to the fragile feature of the introduced micro‐/nanoscale surface roughness. Besides the long‐term durability, large scale at meter level, and 3D complex structures are of great importance for the superhydrophobic objects used across diverse industries. Here it is shown that abrasion‐resistant, half‐a‐meter scaled superhydrophobic objects can be one‐step realized by the selective laser sintering (SLS) 3D printing technology using hydrophobic‐fumed‐silica (HFS)/polymer composite grains. The HFS grains serve as the hydrophobic guests while the sintered polymeric network provides the mechanical strength, leading to low‐adhesion, intrinsic superhydrophobic objects with desired 3D structures. It is found that as‐printed structures remained anti‐wetting capabilities even after undergoing different abrasion tests, including knife cutting test, rude file grinding test, 1000 cycles of sandpaper friction test, tape test and quicksand impacting test, illustrating their abrasion‐resistant superhydrophobic stability. This strategy is applied to manufacture a shell of the unmanned aerial vehicle and an abrasion‐resistant superhydrophobic shoe, showing the industrial customization of large‐scale superhydrophobic objects. The findings thus provide insight for designing intrinsic superhydrophobic objects via the SLS 3D printing strategy that might find use in drag‐reduce, anti‐fouling, or other industrial fields in harsh operating environments.
The emerging solar desalination technology has incomparable
advantages
for providing a clean water solution. However, the issue of salt accumulation
on the solar evaporator tops during the steam generation leads to
a considerable decrease in the evaporation rate. Herein, we demonstrate
a superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic Janus evaporator that enables
a stable solar evaporation even in saturated brine. Our Janus solar
evaporator with a superhydrophobic top and a superhydrophilic bottom
has been manufactured integrally, allowing for a fast steam evaporation
without the impediment of the accumulated salt residues. The superhydrophobic
top changes the water passageway from the center toward the edges
while it allows for the vertical transport of both solar thermo and
evaporated steams. Salt residues would only be deposited at the edges
of the superhydrophilic bottom, allowing for a long-term stability
of the evaporator for a continuous (>50 h) solar evaporation in
saturated
brine, which is record-breaking for salt-resistant solar evaporators.
With stable and efficient evaporation performance out of high-salinity
brine, this work provides a fascinating avenue for the desalination
of seawater in a salt-resistant and efficient manner.
Although photodynamic immunotherapy has been promoted in the clinical practice of cholangiocarcinoma, the insensitivity to photodynamic immunotherapy remains to be a great problem. This can be largely attributed to an immune‐suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) manifested as immature myeloid cells and exhausted cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Here, a three‐in‐one oncolytic adenovirus system PEG‐PEI‐Adv‐Catalase‐KillerRed (p‐Adv‐CAT‐KR) has been constructed to multiply, initiate, and enhance immune responses in photodynamic immunotherapy, using genetically‐engineered KillerRed as photosensitizer, catalase as in situ oxygen‐supplying mediator, and adenovirus as immunostimulatory bio‐reproducible carrier. Meanwhile, PEG‐PEI is applied to protect adenovirus from circulating immune attack. The administration of p‐Adv‐CAT‐KR induces increased antigen presenting cells, elevated T cell infiltrations, and reduced tumor burden. Further investigation into underlying mechanism indicates that hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (Hif‐1α) and its downstream PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway contribute to the transformation of immune‐suppressive TME in cholangiocarcinoma. Collectively, the combination of KillerRed, catalase, and adenovirus brings about multi‐amplified antitumor photo‐immunity and has the potential to be an effective immunotherapeutic strategy for cholangiocarcinoma.
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