BACKGROUND: Recent pharmacoepidemiology data show an increase in the proportion of patients receiving second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) monotherapy, but no studies have analyzed the same patients over a long period of time. Therefore, in this study, we decided to evaluate retrospectively schizophrenia patients with available data for 20 years to see whether the drug treatments in the same patients have changed in the past 20 years. METHODS: The study began in April 2021 and was conducted in 15 psychiatric hospitals in Japan. Schizophrenia patients treated in the same hospital for 20 years were retrospectively examined for all prescriptions in 2016, 2011, 2006, and 2001 (i.e., every 5 years). RESULTS: The mean age of the 716 patients surveyed in 2021 was 61.7 years, with 49.0% being female. The rate of antipsychotic monotherapy use showed a slight increasing trend over the past 20 years; the rate of SGA use showed a marked increasing trend from 28.9% to 70.3% over the past 20 years, while the rate of SGA monotherapy use showed a gradual increasing trend over the past 20 years. The rates of concomitant use of anticholinergics, antidepressants, anxiolytics/sleep medications, and mood stabilizers showed decreasing, flat, decreasing, and flat trends over the past 20 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed a slow but steady substitution of SGAs for first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) over time, even in the same patients.
Aim: Nurses are an essential human resource for the healthcare system. However, high turnover of nurses is a current issue. Reducing the high turnover of nurses is crucial for facilitating the sustainable provision of care in hospitals. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors affecting nurses' intentions to leave among nurses in an advanced medical center.Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, we conducted a questionnaire survey of nurses working at an academic medical center in August 2020. Of the 1063 distributed questionnaires, there were 821 (77.2%) valid responses. The questionnaire included items on the Kessler 6 (K6), New Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (New BJSQ), Organizational Justice Questionnaire (OJQ), and intention to leave a hospital job.Results: Overall, the mean age of the nurses was 34.3 ± 10.1 years and 87.8% (721/821) of them were female. Among respondents, 19.5% (160/821) had a strong intention to leave. After adjusting for all the variables, a logistic regression analysis revealed that longer working hours, job rank (staff nurse), work-self-balance positive (imbalance), workplace harassment (no bullying), and interactional justice (unfair supervisor) were determinants associated with strong intentions to leave.Conclusions: Approximately one-fifth of nurses working at advanced medical center had a strong intention to leave. However, our findings can help managers predict the turnover of nurses by understanding occupational characteristics. Managing work-selfbalance and treating staff fairly could improve work environments. Further research focusing on the outcome of actual turnover rather than intention to leave is needed.
AimThis study examined the collective characteristics of nurses and their stress coping style.MethodsWe conducted a cluster analysis of the stress coping strategies of 841 nurses belonging to Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, as measured by the Brief COPE (Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced). We also conducted multivariate analyses of each cluster's sociodemographic characteristics, personality traits, depressive symptoms, work attitudes, sense of fairness, and turnover intention.ResultsThe results of cluster analysis using the standardized z scores of the Brief COPE demonstrated that the study participants were classified into three clusters. The “emotional‐response type” tended to favor the use of emotional support, venting, and self‐blame. The “reality‐escape type” tended to prefer alcohol and substance use, behavioral resignation, use of instrumental support, and lack of acceptance. The “problem‐solving type” tended to prefer planning, positive reframing, and acceptance and to dislike “alcohol and substance use” and behavioral disengagement. A multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that compared to the problem‐solving type, the emotional‐response type had a lower job title, a higher “neuroticism” score on the TIPI‐J, and a higher K6 score. However, compared to the problem‐solving type, the reality‐escape type was younger, consumed more alcohol and substances, and had a higher K6 score.ConclusionsStress coping styles were found to be associated with substance use, depressive symptoms, and personality traits among nurses in higher education institutions. Thus, the results suggest that nurses who choose maladaptive stress coping styles require mental support and early identification of depressive symptoms and alcohol problems.
Background Maintaining a balance between one’s personal and working lives is important for nurses to increase their job satisfaction and continue their careers. Our purpose was to investigate the relationship of nurses’ characteristics, such as age, marital status and presence of cohabitating children, with work-self-balance (WSB) at different phases of life as well as the occupational factors that influence WSB that can be used to improve the work environment for nurses. Methods A cross-sectional survey of nurses was conducted from July to August 2020 using a self-administered questionnaire. We asked about gender, age, marital status, presence of children, working hours and night shift availability. The participants’ psychological distress was assessed with the Kessler 6, and occupational stresses, including WSB, were assessed with the New Brief Job Stress Questionnaire and the Organizational Justice Questionnaire. The total number of unmarried and married respondents was 819. We investigated whether marital status and presence of cohabitating children influenced WSB in three age groups (less than 30 years, from 31 to 40 years and more than 41 years) using a Mann–Whitney U test. In addition, we examined occupational factors affecting WSB using multiple regression analysis. Results The value of negative work-self balance was significantly greater in the group of married persons than in the group of unmarried persons (p < 0.05) and significantly greater in the group with cohabiting children than in the group without cohabiting children (P < 0.01) only in the group aged 31 to 40 years. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the significant occupational factors affecting WSB differed by age group. Conclusions This survey showed that the factors associated with WSB and the degree of WSB vary according to the generation and family environment of nurses.
Aim: Balancing between personal and working life of nurses is important to increase their job satisfaction and to continue their careers. Our purpose was to investigate the relationship between nurses and work-self balance (WSB) at different phases of life, such as age, marriage and raising children, and the occupational factors that influence WSB that can be used to improve the work environment for nurses.Methods: Using a self-administered questionnaire, we asked about gender, age, marital status, presence of children, working hours, and night shift. Occupational stresses, including WSB, were assessed with the New Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (New BJSQ) and the Organizational Justice Questionnaire (OJQ). The total number of unmarried and married respondents was 819. We investigated whether marital status and cohabiting children make a difference in WSB in the three age groups (less than 30 years, 31-40 years, and more than 41 years) using a Mann-Whitney U test. In addition, we examined occupational factors affecting WSB using multiple regression analysis. Results:The value of WSB negative was significantly greater in the group of married persons than in the group of unmarried persons (p < 0.05) and was significantly greater in the group with cohabiting children than in the group without cohabiting children (p < 0.01) only in the group aged 31-40 years. Multiple regression analysis indicated that significant occupational factors affecting WSB differed by each age group. Conclusion:This survey showed that the factors and degree of WSB vary according to the generation and family environment of nurses.
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