The industrial production of active
proteins from Escherichia coli necessitates
the refolding of high
concentrations of protein over a short period of time. However, it
is difficult to simultaneously achieve high concentration and short
operation time. In the present study, by designing microchannels with
dialysis membranes by a chemical engineering way, the surface area
was enlarged for quickly removing the protein denaturant and high-concentration
protein refolding was achieved in a short time; high concentrations
of active carbonic anhydrase8 times more concentrated than
achieved using dilution methodwere refolded in 20 min, which
is orders of magnitude faster than the conventional dialysis method.
The transcatheter left atrial appendage occluding device, WATCHMAN, can be used to prevent thromboembolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who are at high risk of bleeding during anticoagulation. We report an emergent surgical case of cardiac tamponade due to the left atrial appendage perforation with the WATCHMAN device implantation. An 83-year-old woman with recurrent paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score 4, HAS-BLED score 3) after catheter ablation was scheduled for the WATCHMAN device implantation. During implantation, the patient developed cardiac tamponade and underwent emergent surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass for active bleeding despite pericardial drainage. The bleeding was caused by the left atrial appendage perforation, and suture exclusion of the left atrial appendage was performed.
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