Search for transformation from paramagnetic martensite to ferromagnetic austenite in ferromagnetic shape memory alloys is performed through designing NiMnGaCu alloys. The composition dependence of the martensitic transformation temperature TM, the magnetic transition temperatures TCA of the austenite and TCM of the martensite is systematically investigated. The sequence of the martensitic transformation and magnetic transition is determined. The diagram on the structural and magnetic transition in a specific system Ni46Mn25+xGa25−xCu4 is outlined, in which a transformation from paramagnetic martensite to ferromagnetic austenite is predicted, exhibiting TCM<TM<TCA. Such a transformation is then experimentally achieved in Ni46Mn33Ga17Cu4 alloy.

We report fabrication of silica convex microlens arrays with controlled shape, size, and curvature by femtosecond laser direct writing. A backside etching in dye solution was utilized for laser machining high-fidelity control of material removal and real-time surface cleaning from ablation debris. Thermal annealing was applied to reduce surface roughness to 3 nm (rms). The good optical performance of the arrays was confirmed by focusing and imaging tests. Complex 3D micro-optical elements over a footprint of 100 × 100 µ m 2 were ablated within 1 h (required for practical applications). A material removal speed of 120 µ m 3 / s ( 6 × 10 5 n m 3 / p u l s e ) was used, which is more than an order of magnitude higher compared to backside etching using a mask projection method. The method is applicable for fabrication of micro-optical components on transparent hard materials.

A series of sarisan analogs containing 1,3,4‐oxadiazole moieties were synthesized by iodine‐mediated oxidative cyclization and screened in vitro for their antifungal activities at 50 μg/mL against five phytopathogenic fungi such as Valsa mali, Curvularia lunata, Alternaria alternate, Fusarium solani and Fusarium graminearum. 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole derivatives 7e, 7p, 7r, 7t and 7u exhibited potent and a broad spectrum of antifungal activities against at least three phytopathogenic fungi at the concentration of 50 μg/mL. Especially, compound 7r displayed more potent antifungal activities against five phytopathogenic fungi than the positive control hymexazol. The EC50 of 7r against V. mali, C. lunata and A. alternate were 12.6, 14.5 and 17.0 μg/mL, respectively. Additionally, some interesting results of structure‐activity relationships (SARs) were also observed.

Baeckea frutescens is an aromatic shrub used as ornamentals and as food flavor spices in the southern part of P. R. China. Two novel C-methylated biflavonoids named baeckeins J (1) and K (2) were isolated from the roots of B. frutescens, which possessed the unique carbon skeleton conjugated of a flavonol and one isoflavanonol molecule via the linkages of C(2)-C(8*) and C(3)-O-C(7*). The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated by analysis of 1D-and 2D-NMR, and HR-ESI-MS spectral data, and the absolute configuration for chiral C-atoms C(2) and C(3) were assigned by CD spectrometry combined with quantum chemical calculations. In the bioassay, baeckeins J and K exhibited strong cytoprotective effects on H 2 O 2induced oxidative cell death in PC12 cells.

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Thank you so much for your continued attention to our manuscript. We learned a lot from your letter.Construction of the drug concentration-time curve for a drug that follows a 2-compartment model indicates that the curve may be divided into a distribution phase and an elimination phase. Because the population pharmacokinetic model was developed based on sparse data and limited observations were in the absorption and distribution phases, there are not enough data to develop the 2-and 3-compartment models. The objective function values of the 1-compartment model, 2-compartment model, and 3-compartment model are listed in Supplemental Table II ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.07.011 ). We compared the performances of different models and found that the 1-compartment model best fits our data. The 1-compartment model adequately described the data; however, the 2-and 3-compartment models failed to achieve successful convergence.Routine therapeutic drug monitoring data were retrospectively collected. Reproducible and accurate quantitation is a requirement for clinical applications, and the results of interlaboratory evaluation and comparison demonstrate the reliability of this method. However, because of the limited resources of our laboratory, we have not been able to rule out the interference from both endogenous digoxin-like immunoreactive substances and exogenous medications. We asked the company (Siemens) to perform assay validation during the assay development, and the assay has been validated for its selectivity and potential cross-reactions with other compounds.After continuous administration of digoxin and reaching steady state (at least 5 t ½ s), 2 mL of venous blood was obtained from the patients. We did not interfere with clinical treatment, and the actual elapsed time since first dose was obtained from our hospital information system. Practitioners rarely use pharmacokinetic models to predict peripheral drug concentrations. In the clinical study, the target of the digoxin trough concentration was 0.8 to 2.0 ng/mL. In our future study, we will collect the rich pharmacokinetic data, prolong the sampling time, and consider peripheral drug concentrations.We are very sorry for the mistakes in Table I. The initial doses were 0.125 mg or 0.25 mg. They should be corrected in our article.

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