Adapting neural representation to rapidly changing behavioural demands is a key challenge for the nervous system. Here, we demonstrate that the output of the primary olfactory area of the mouse, the olfactory bulb, is already a target of dynamic and reproducible modulation. The modulation depends on the stimulus tuning of a given neuron, making olfactory responses more discriminable through selective amplification in a demand-specific way.

Significance Many microbial populations proliferate in small channels. In such environments, reproducing cells organize in parallel lanes. Reproducing cells shift these lanes, potentially expelling other cells from the channel. In this paper, we combine theory and experiments to understand how these dynamics affects the diversity of a microbial population. We theoretically predict that genetic diversity is quickly lost along lanes of cells. Our experiments confirm that a population of proliferating Escherichia coli in a microchannel organizes into lanes of genetically identical cells within a few generations. Our findings elucidate the effect of lane formation on populations evolution, with potential applications ranging from microbial ecology in soil to dynamics of epithelial tissues in higher organisms.

10Adapting neural representation to rapidly changing behavioural demands is a key challenge 11 for the nervous system. Here, we demonstrate that the output of the primary olfactory area, 12the mouse olfactory bulb, is already a target of dynamic and reproducible modulation. The 13 modulation depends on the stimulus tuning of a given neuron, making olfactory responses 14 more discriminable through selective amplification in a demand-specific way. 15 16 17

Generation and characterisation of a cell-type specific, inducible Cre-driver line to study olfactory processing Abbreviated title: Mitral cell-specific inducible Cre-driver line

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