Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease that attacks myelin in the central nervous system. About 2.5 million people worldwide have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Its clinical presentation could varies according to the location of the lesion. Interferon beta is the most commonly used as immunomodulation therapy. However, its effectiveness for long-term use is still questionable. We report a case of 24-year-old woman with complaint of ataxia and limb weakness which were diagnosed as multiple sclerosis relapsing remitting (MSRR) and treated with interferon beta 1a for five years. During routine interferon beta 1a treatment three times a week, patient has still experienced four episodes of relapse in spite of good compliance. Hence, the rare presence of neutralizing antibody was suspected. It commonly occur after a year of interferon theraphy, which is consistent with the patient's treatment history. Further biomarker testing of drug-specific antibodies might be valuable to find out the possibility of interferon resistance
<div class="WordSection1"><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The SPAN-75 index is a modification of the SPAN-100 index as a prognostic tool in acute ischemic stroke patients. Previous studies were using SPAN index in cases of ischemic stroke patients treated with rTPA and in cases of intracerebral hemorrhage.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the role of the SPAN-75 index as a prognostic scoring in patients with acute ischemic stroke who did not get thrombolysis therapy.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The subjects were acute ischemic stroke patients at Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village who were not treated with thrombolysis therapy and had no disability before stroke onset during January to April 2019. Subjects were classified into a positive and negative of SPAN-75 index group. Disability due to stroke was assessed with Modified Rankin Score (mRS) at the time of admission and discharged from the hospital. This prospective study was analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test.</p><p><strong>Result</strong>: Forty subjects (average age of 57 years old) consisted of 31 negative and 9 positive of SPAN-75. Based on the Kruskal-Wallis test, the SPAN-75 index was positively associated with a more severe degree of stroke disability at the time of admission (p = 0.002), but not related to the change in the degree of disability when the patient was discharged from the hospital (p = 0.807). Age (p = 0.445) and gender (p = 0.578) had no significant relationship with the degree of disability of acute ischemic stroke.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The SPAN-75 index is related to the degree of disability of acute stroke patients at the time of admission.</p></div>
Background: With ever-increasing incidence, young-onset stroke is responsible for significant psychosocial and economic burden, primarily due to post-stroke disability in the productive population. Objective: The aim of our study is to assess the profile and risk factors in young-onset stroke compared to those in older patients. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. We included all patients with acute stroke, or transient ischemic attack (TIA) treated at Siloam Lippo Village Hospital between October 2021 and February 2022. An independent t-test was conducted for continuous variables with normal distribution and a Mann-Whitney U test for ordinal or continuous variables with non-normal distribution. Pearson's chi-square test was performed for categorical variables. Results: 153 patients with acute stroke and TIA were included. On univariate analysis comparing young and old-onset strokes, significant differences were found in diagnosis (p=0.039), Bamford classification (p=0.022), NIHSS (p=0.014), history of smoking (p=0.012), previous stroke (p=0.045), history of coronary artery disease (p=0.026), and routine antiplatelet use (p=0.018). Conclusion: We found a predominance of hemorrhagic stroke and TIA in the young-onset group, with more common involvement of the anterior circulation. Older onset was associated with a higher NIHSS score. Modifiable risk factors are more common in young-onset stroke, while non-modifiable risk factors are more common in the older population. However, hypertension remains an equally important risk factor in both groups. Our study provides an overview of the profile and risk factors for young-onset stroke. The information obtained can be useful as educational material for the community to prevent young-onset stroke.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.