Introduction: HIV infection and AIDS is a public health problem worldwide, particularly affecting the populace in resource challenged setting like sub-saharan Africa. Women of reproductive age are mostly affected and infected with the HIV disease. Methodology: A cross-sectional study of 216 randomly selected women that booked for antenatal care at the Faith Alive Foundation and PMTCT centre Jos between 1 st July to 31 st December, 2014 was carried out. Information regarding age, parity, gestational age at booking, educational status and HIV sero-status of the clients was analysed. Screening test was conducted in a serial two step approval using determine and UNIGOLD as the confirmatory test, while STAT-PAK was the tie-beaker with discordant result as per the national algorithm. Positive samples were confirmed by western blot method. Result: A total of 18 women out of the 216 women studied were positive giving a sero-prevalence rate of 8.3%. The highest sero-prevalent rate was amongst 25 -29 years age group (31.5%). Women of parity 1 -4 constituted the highest group of 62.9%. Majority of the women 65.7% booked in the second trimester while 26.9% booked in the 3 rd trimester. Most of the women 47.2% had secondary school education while only 5.6% of them had no form of education. Conclusion: HIV infection prevalence rate among antenatal attendants at Faith Alive Foundation and PMTCT centre Jos is still high. Multisectorial approach and intervention strategies should be further scaled up for the prevention of vertical transmission of the virus. However, it is worth noting that it is mainly an * Corresponding author. A. Charles et al. 60HIV/AIDS hospital which should have affected the outcome.
Abstract:Context: Eclampsia contributes significantly to maternal and perinatal mortalities globally. The objective of this study is to review the maternal and foetal outcome of eclampsia in Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), Jos Plateau, Nigeria. Study design: A retrospective study that reviewed records from labour ward and the Medical Records Department, of cases of eclampsia managed at JUTH over a 9 year period from 1st January 2008-31st December, 2016. Results: There were 145 cases of eclampsia out of a total of 17,169 deliveries within the study period, giving a prevalence of 0.84%. It was most common, 22 (24.8%), in the 25-29 year age group. The nulliparous women, 58 (40%) were more commonly affected. The prevalence was higher in the un-booked patients 86 (59.3%), and antepartum eclampsia was the commonest type133 (91.7%). Headache with blurring of vision 106 (73.1%) was the commonest symptom. The case fatality rate was 5.5%, low birth weight was seen in 78 (53.8%) while Perinatal death was 18 (12.4%) Conclusion: Eclampsia occurred mainly in un-booked and primigravid patients in this study. Early registration of pregnant women, especially primigravida, in health facilities for effective antenatal care and supervised hospital delivery will significantly reduce the prevalence and complications of eclampsia.
Abstract:Objective: HIV prevalence data from pregnant women who attended Antenatal Care Clinic over a five year period were used in the Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV programmes and remain useful for Prevention, Care, Treatment and Support of pregnant women and ensuring that the goal of zero transmission is met. It also helped policy makers to take appropriate action in HIV/AIDS programmes. Methodology: A descriptive study of pregnant women presenting for the first time at the antenatal clinic of Faith Alive Foundation and Hospital, Jos from 1 st January 2010 to 31 st December 2014 was carried out. Information regarding age, gestational age at booking, parity and HIV sero status of the clients were analyzed. Screening test was carried out in a serial two step approach using determine and UNIGOLD as the confirmatory test while stat pack was the tie-breaker with discordant result. Positive samples were confirmed by western blot method. Result: A total of 1720 pregnant women were registered in the antenatal unit of Faith Alive Foundation and Hospital, Jos from 1st January 2010 to 31 st December 2014. 120 were sero positive. The overall HIV prevalence rate was 6.9%. High prevalence rate were observed in those aged 20-39 years. There was a decline in HIV prevalence from 10.7% in 2010 to 6.8% in 2013 and 5.8% in 2014. Majority of the sero positive women booked early in pregnancy, within the 1 st and 2 nd trimesters from 77.8% in 2010 to 80% in 2014. Conclusion: A decline in HIV prevalence was observed during the five year period. The study also revealed that significant number of HIV positive antenatal women registered for antenatal care early. The overall HIV sero prevalence is still high. There is need to astronomically scale up our intervention approach against HIV infection.
Context: Elective caesarean sections have been considered safer for both mother and the foetus compared to emergency caesarean sections. Paradoxically emergency caesarean sections have continued to form majority of caesarean deliveries in our facility. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the caesarean section rate, indications and trend associated with elective caesarean delivery. Study design: A retrospective study of the clinical records of all patients that had caesarean section between 1 st January 2003 and 31 st December 2007 at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos. Data on the number and type of caesarean section and indication for the caesarean section was analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: During the 5 year study period, 2666 caesarean sections were performed out of 13,611 total deliveries giving a caesarean section rate of 19.6%. Elective and emergency caesarean sections accounted for 757 (28.4%) and 1909 (71.6%) of the cases respectively. The rate of elective caesarean section increased from 25.4% in 2003 to 26.5% in 2005 and 32.6% in 2007. Repeat caesarean section (24.7%), HIV in pregnancy (23.0%), bad obstetrics history (11.4%) were the leading indications for elective caesarean operation. Conclusion: The rising trend in the elective caesarean section rate as identified in this study strengthens the need for better patient selection together with improved counseling on its benefits and risks. This is because despite the fact that it is safer than emergency caesarean operation, it also has its own shortcomings and complications.
Abstract:Context: Despite the high uptake of the intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD), among family planning clients at Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), some users discontinued its use for a variety of reasons. Objectives: To determine the discontinuation rate and factors responsible among IUCD users in the hospital over a 3 year period. Study Design: This was a 3 year retrospective descriptive study of all clients requesting for the removal of intrauterine devices (IUCDs) at the Family Planning clinic Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos Nigeria. The study period was between January 1 st 2005 and December 31 st 2007. Results: A total of 849 clients were seen during the study period; 393 (46.3%) clients discontinued within 3 years with the highest rate at 1 year 24.2%. All the women were married with 0.8% of the clients been nullipara. The most common reasons for discontinuation were the desire for pregnancy (50.9%), excessive menstrual bleeding (10.4%), vaginal discharge PID (9.0%) and others. The mean age of the clients was 33.6 ± 5.2 years. Conclusion: The discontinuation rate of IUCD in the family planning clinic at Jos University Teaching Hospital is high. More effective counseling may be appropriate for alternative contraceptive methods for this category of clients instead of the IUCD's currently being used. The findings suggest a need for training the care providers to prevent early discontinuation of IUCD among JUTH clients and by addressing the health challenges via proper counseling, effective follow-up and prompt referral in case of complications.
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