SARS-CoV2 infection is an emerging issue worldwide. Cancer patient are at increased risk of infection compared to general population. On the other hand, these patients are at major risk of drug interactions caused by renal and hepatic impairment background. Because of the long-term use of chemotherapy drugs, drug interactions are important in these patients especially with SARS-CoV2 treatments now. This paper is review of reported drug interactions of current treatments for COVID-19 and anticancer agents.
This study was conducted to estimate the fertility of hydatid cysts and viability of protoscoleces based on the location, size and type of cysts in slaughtered animals in Qazvin, Iran. Cysts were collected from the livers and lungs of 247 sheep and 275 cattle infected with hydatid cysts. Fertility of the cysts was assessed by examining the cysts' fluid for the presence of protoscoleces and the viability of the protoscoleces was determined using staining with an aqueous solution of 0.1% eosin. The highest and lowest rate of fertility was observed in hepatic cysts of sheep (81.05%), and cattle (1.27%) respectively. Most fertile cysts had medium size (45.03%), while the lowest fertility rate belonged to the small cysts (22.8%) . Relationship between fertility of the cysts and type of infected organs, type of animals and size of cysts were significant (p<0.05). The highest rate of viability was found in cattle's lungs (88.06%) and the lowest rate was seen in sheep's liver cysts (46.49%). There was significant difference in viability of fertile cysts between cattle and sheep organs (p<0.05). Most of sterile, suppurative and calcified cysts were found in cattle's lungs (84.7%), cattle's liver (89.87%) and sheep's liver (6.58%) respectively.In conclusion it can be said that fertility rates of liver and lung hydatid cysts of sheep and viability of their protoscoleces is considerable. In addition, although the fertility of cysts in cattle was low, but they had high viability rate.
Context: Increased survival of patients with cancer raises the need to pay attention to long-term side effects. Patients with brain metastasis experienced cognition failure after whole-brain radiotherapy. This review aimed at concluding the efficacy of Memantine in preserving cognitive function by reducing the brain toxicity of whole-brain radiotherapy for metastatic brain cancers. Evidence Acquisition: Published studies evaluating memantine protective effects during brain metastasis radiotherapy were searched for in scientific databases (e.g., Embase, PubMed, Cochrane database, Google Scholar, Scopus) using keywords including whole-brain radiotherapy and Memantine. Results: A total of 4 prospective clinical trials were included in the review. Effects of Memantine on cognition tests were evaluated in these trials. A significantly better Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) delayed recognition at months 6 was achieved in RTOG 0614 and NRG CC001. Longer time to cognitive decline was found in the memantine arm of the RTOG trial and was statistically significant. Memantine effects were not statistically significant before 2 months. Conclusions: It seems reasonable to consider Memantine during radiation to prevent long-term cognitive failure in patients with brain metastasis due to the current results. Memantine improves cognition function during whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) without adding irreparable complications.
Background
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started in December 2020, and is a global problem now. There are several sets of established data regarding computed tomography (CT) findings in COVID-19 pneumonia with many differential diagnoses. During the early days of the pandemic, there was little data regarding lung CT features of COVID-19 in a cancer patient. In this paper, we described a rare case of simultaneous presentation of COVID-19 with pulmonary metastasis.
Case presentation
A Persian patient with a history of chondrosarcoma presented to our clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic with a new-onset cough. He had experienced no recurrence during previous follow-up visits. Chest CT scan revealed numerous bilateral small peripheral and perilymphatic pulmonary nodules, unilateral ground-glass patch, and nodular interlobular septal thickening. Biopsy of the pulmonary nodules established pulmonary metastasis of chondrosarcoma origin, and pharyngeal reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was positive for COVID-19.
Conclusion
Pulmonary metastasis should be considered as a differential diagnosis of COVID-19 features in cancer patients in the pandemic era.
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