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BackgroundAngiotensinogen (AGT) enzyme comprises a vital module of RAAS system that effectively controls the blood pressure and related cardiovascular functions. Ample association studies have reported the importance of AGT variants in cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular adversities. But lately, owing to the complexity of the many anomalies, the haplotype based examination of genetic variation that facilitates the identification of polymorphic sites which are located in the vicinity of the causative polymorphic site, gets greater appreciation.MethodsIn the present study, we have done genotype and haplotype analysis of AGT gene in reference to hypertension to confirm the association of the two in an Indian population. To accomplish this, we performed candidate SNPs analysis and construct possible haplotypes across the AGT promoter and gene region in 414 subjects (256 Hypertensive cases and 158 controls).ResultsWe found four SNPs (rs11568020: A-152G and rs5050: A-20C in promoter; rs4762 and rs699 in exon2) and 3 haplotypes (H4, H7 and H8) that showed a stronger positive association with hypertension. The haplotype H2 was showing protective association with hypertension.ConclusionThe results of the present study confirmed and reestablished the role of AGT gene variants and their haplotypes in the causation of hypertension in Indian population and showed that haplotypes can provide stronger evidence of association.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40885-017-0069-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Menstrual characteristics differ significantly between rural and urban adolescents. Moreover, various socio-economic variables pertaining to place of residence significantly affect the menstrual characteristics among adolescents.

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The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of oxytetracycline (OTC)dosing at five different concentrations, viz., 0 mg (0X), 80 mg (1X), 240 mg (3X), 400 mg (5X) and 800 mg (10X) kg -1 biomass day -1 for 30 consecutive days on the growth, safety and intestinal histology of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) juveniles. The OTC-residues in the edible muscle were detected at scheduled intervals by LC-MS/MS. A dose-dependent decline in feed intake, biomass and survival were recorded in OTC-dosed fish. The OTC-residue levels were 0, 204.75±45.75, 318.00±0.00, 778.50±145.50 and 684.00±18.00 ng g -1 in 0X, 1X, 3X, 5X and 10X groups, respectively on day 30 OTC-dosing, which reduced subsequently. Relatively mild histopathological lesions including degeneration of epithelial layer, loss of absorptive vacuoles, necrotized intestinal villi, mucinous degeneration, and necrotized absorptive region were observed in the intestine of OTC-dosed fish. Lamina propria swelling was the characteristic change observed in the 10X group on day 15. The observed data revealed that OTC-dosing is reasonably safe at the therapeutic dose of 80 mg kg -1 biomass day -1 . However, the precise dose for safe usage of OTC is to be determined according to the culture conditions and species cultured.